ContaminantDB: Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide]

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-05-26 03:12:18 UTC

Update Date

2016-11-09 01:19:25 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM032190

Identification

Common Name

Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide]

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide] is found in green vegetables. Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide] is isolated from flowers of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Apigenin is a flavone that is the aglycone of several glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool. Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has significant promise as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent. Apigenin inhibits the expression of involucrin (hINV), a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, is increased by differentiating agents via a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), Ras, MEKK1, MEK3 cascade that increases AP1 factor level and AP1 factor binding to DNA elements in the hINV promoter. Apigenin suppresses the 12-O-tetradeconylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in AP1 factor expression and binding to the hINV promoter and the increase in hINV promoter activity. Apigenin also inhibits the increase in promoter activity observed following overexpression of PKCdelta, constitutively active Ras, or MEKK1. The suppression of PKCdelta activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of PKCdelta-Y311. Activation of hINV promoter activity by the green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigellocathecin-3-gallate, is also inhibited by apigenin, suggesting that the two chemopreventive agents can produce opposing actions in keratinocytes. (PMID: 16982614); Apigenin, a flavone abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, exhibits antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic activities through poorly defined mechanisms. This flavonoid provides selective activity to promote caspase-dependent-apoptosis of leukemia cells and uncover an essential role of PKCdelta during the induction of apoptosis by apigenin. (PMID: 16844095); Apigenin markedly induces the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically acts with exogenous soluble recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, apigenin-mediated induction of DR5 expression is not observed in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, apigenin does not sensitize normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (PMID: 16648565).

Contaminant Sources

FooDB Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Not Available

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
3,4-Dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl]oxy}-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylate	Generator

Chemical Formula

C₂₇H₂₈O₁₅

Average Molecular Mass

592.502 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

592.143 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

124167-97-1

IUPAC Name

3,4-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl]oxy}-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid

Traditional Name

3,4-dihydroxy-6-{[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy}-5-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid

SMILES

CC1OC(OC2C(O)C(O)C(OC2OC2=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C=C(OC3=C2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C27H28O15/c1-9-18(31)19(32)22(35)26(38-9)42-24-21(34)20(33)23(25(36)37)41-27(24)39-12-6-13(29)17-14(30)8-15(40-16(17)7-12)10-2-4-11(28)5-3-10/h2-9,18-24,26-29,31-35H,1H3,(H,36,37)

InChI Key

ONIIEJMYZDRHKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glucuronides. These are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to glucuronic acid at the C7-position.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Phenylpropanoids and polyketides

Class

Flavonoids

Sub Class

Flavonoid glycosides

Direct Parent

Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Flavonoid-7-o-glucuronide
Flavonoid-7-o-glycoside
4'-hydroxyflavonoid
5-hydroxyflavonoid
Flavone
Hydroxyflavonoid
Phenolic glycoside
1-o-glucuronide
O-glucuronide
Glucuronic acid or derivatives
Chromone
Disaccharide
Glycosyl compound
O-glycosyl compound
Benzopyran
1-benzopyran
Beta-hydroxy acid
Pyranone
1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Pyran
Oxane
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Hydroxy acid
Heteroaromatic compound
Vinylogous acid
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Acetal
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organoheterocyclic compound
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Oxacycle
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Alcohol
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	2.36 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	0.79	ALOGPS
logP	0.035	ChemAxon
logS	-2.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.8	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3.7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	15	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	8	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	242.13 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	6	ChemAxon
Refractivity	135.8 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	57.16 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	5	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	0	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00fr-9341360000-acaebde80023ce83bb3c	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0002-9422214000-452aded883d9db169b6f	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS ("Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide],1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_12) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_13) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_14) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_15) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00b9-0280960000-5721190e2f53e6efb645	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-0190300000-0a1f1fc88c176c268767	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-1290100000-f11f3355e399365a0a4d	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014m-2462690000-18dee7638cfd88828e21	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-2592420000-a31ff0941870fbb0b40a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-014i-8591100000-4195513d27824d9abc18	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00dl-0090040000-14098a2076dd1e5fd653	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-0090000000-60b322ff74af8a765580	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-0090000000-60b322ff74af8a765580	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014l-0090060000-296a0463959644bcee00	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-0090000000-0f9cf513153f5787dba6	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-014i-0090000000-74726919fa50baee1637	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Not Available

Uses/Sources

Not Available

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0038847

FooDB ID

FDB018282

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00004160

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

143040

PubChem Compound ID

14309754

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

1. Balasubramanian S, Zhu L, Eckert RL: Apigenin inhibition of involucrin gene expression is associated with a specific reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta Tyr311. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 24;281(47):36162-72. Epub 2006 Sep 18.

2. Vargo MA, Voss OH, Poustka F, Cardounel AJ, Grotewold E, Doseff AI: Apigenin-induced-apoptosis is mediated by the activation of PKCdelta and caspases in leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 14;72(6):681-92. Epub 2006 Jul 17.

3. Horinaka M, Yoshida T, Shiraishi T, Nakata S, Wakada M, Sakai T: The dietary flavonoid apigenin sensitizes malignant tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Apr;5(4):945-51.

4. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide] (CHEM032190)

Structure for CHEM032190: Apigenin 7-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-galacturonide]