Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-26 00:08:54 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:18:35 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM027998
Identification
Common Name(±)-Malic acid
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionAn optically active form of malic acid having (S)-configuration.
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-L-Malic acidChEBI
(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acidChEBI
L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acidChEBI
L-Apple acidChEBI
MalateChEBI
Malic acidChEBI
S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acidChEBI
L-MalateKegg
(-)-L-MalateGenerator
(S)-(-)-HydroxysuccinateGenerator
L-2-HydroxybutanedioateGenerator
S-2-HydroxybutanedioateGenerator
(-)-(S)-MalateHMDB
(-)-(S)-Malic acidHMDB
(-)-HydroxysuccinateHMDB
(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
(-)-Malic acidHMDB
(2S)-2-HydroxybutanedioateHMDB
(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
(S)-Hydroxy-butanedioateHMDB
(S)-Hydroxy-butanedioic acidHMDB
(S)-HydroxybutanedioateHMDB
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
(S)-Malic acidHMDB
Apple acidHMDB
L-(-)-Malic acidHMDB
L-HydroxybutanedioateHMDB
L-Hydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
L-HydroxysuccinateHMDB
L-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
S-(-)-MalateHMDB
S-(-)-Malic acidHMDB
(S)-MalateHMDB
L-Malic acidChEBI
(2S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
(2S)-Malic acidHMDB
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acidHMDB
2-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
Deoxytetraric acidHMDB
Hydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
Monohydroxybutanedioic acidHMDB
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
α-Hydroxysuccinic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H6O5
Average Molecular Mass134.087 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass134.022 g/mol
CAS Registry Number617-48-1
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Traditional Name(-)-malic acid
SMILESO[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
InChI KeyBJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassHydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub ClassBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct ParentBeta hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Short-chain hydroxy acid
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility218 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.87ALOGPS
logP-1.1ChemAxon
logS0.21ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.2ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.9ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area94.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity24.88 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.93 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-000t-0940000000-142d6f5fc2efbf0d5109Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0002-0920000000-505483ce10ee3c4c9d20Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-00di-9710000000-8f263d045d715ae9fe2bSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-000t-0940000000-142d6f5fc2efbf0d5109Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0920000000-505483ce10ee3c4c9d20Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9710000000-8f263d045d715ae9fe2bSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0910000000-fadd80af55894555ea72Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9100000000-aba7652c885a434930efSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-02j9-7191000000-b78c78194b39deee0ca4Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-9300000000-acd7d0159b8bb70b80fdSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0096-9000000000-7359292556d9d393d8f4Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0097-9000000000-a111335688b3219c1fc1Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-00lr-0942120000-9504700a82dcf5dc3adbSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-45e58d8a75d957cc5c41Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-4ec56105367de7bf0027Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-1decf12f117200e0f28dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-03di-4900000000-86fd329658581c81c0ecSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-00di-9100000000-82ffef2aa053f77cdbc5Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-424bd54bc81a9db65a55Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-a916941735427ee3c48dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-1decf12f117200e0f28dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-4900000000-86fd329658581c81c0ecSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-9100000000-82ffef2aa053f77cdbc5Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-424bd54bc81a9db65a55Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-a916941735427ee3c48dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-afdfdad3edeeb90cb3e4Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negativesplash10-01b9-4900000000-01b3a756de8f5a3ae6deSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-01b9-4900000000-5fc3f0befc374a6fcdd6Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00kr-7900000000-2a07c36db6acea9015afSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00rj-9200000000-316c7803efd1dfb76523Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-a442bcaaacb6f4eec14dSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001r-9800000000-03bfaee5de56f72ed927Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0079-9200000000-26a075efe73adc63a189Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-059f-9000000000-a3281a79477ac14e2eaeSpectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0076-9000000000-ad60ea592282d09e4bd8Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000156
FooDB IDFDB012047
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001192
BiGG ID34045
BioCyc IDMAL
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMalic acid
Chemspider ID193317
ChEBI ID30797
PubChem Compound ID222656
Kegg Compound IDC00149
YMDB IDYMDB00280
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22452826
2. McKenzie, Alex.; Plenderleith, H. J.; Walker, Nellie. Optical activation of racemic acid by d-malic acid. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions (1923), 123 2875-80.
3. Sun HZ, Shi K, Wu XH, Xue MY, Wei ZH, Liu JX, Liu HY: Lactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids' metabolomics relationships in dairy cows. BMC Genomics. 2017 Dec 2;18(1):936. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4314-1.
4. McKenzie, Alex.; Plenderleith, H. J.; Walker, Nellie. Optical activation of racemic acid by d-malic acid. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions (1923), 123 2875-80.
5. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36.
6. Fang TJ, Dalmasso JP: Antimicrobial activity of sulfur dioxide to certain lactic acid bacteria isolated from wines. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1993 Aug;26(3):116-31.
7. Splittstoesser DF, McLellan MR, Churey JJ: Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice. J Food Prot. 1996 Mar;59(3):226-9.
8. Denayrolles M, Aigle M, Lonvaud-Funel A: Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding Lactococcus lactis malolactic enzyme: relationships with malic enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Feb 1;116(1):79-86.
9. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.
10. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.
11. Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19.