Acetylcholine (CHEM025664)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesXML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-25 22:32:00 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:18:08 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM025664
Identification
Common NameAcetylcholine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionActylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter.
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
AChChEBI
AzetylcholinChEBI
Choline acetateChEBI
O-AcetylcholineChEBI
Choline acetic acidGenerator
Acetylcholine iodideHMDB
Acetylcholine perchlorateHMDB
Acetylcholine sulfate (1:1)HMDB
BromoacetylcholineHMDB
Cusi, acetilcolinaHMDB
Iodide, acetylcholineHMDB
2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumHMDB
Acetilcolina cusiHMDB
Acetylcholine fluorideHMDB
Acetylcholine L tartrateHMDB
Acetylcholine picrateHMDB
ChloroacetylcholineHMDB
MiocholHMDB
Perchlorate, acetylcholineHMDB
Acetylcholine L-tartrateHMDB
Acetylcholine picrate (1:1)HMDB
Hydroxide, acetylcholineHMDB
Acetylcholine bromideHMDB
Acetylcholine chlorideHMDB
Acetylcholine hydroxideHMDB
Bromide, acetylcholineHMDB
Fluoride, acetylcholineHMDB
L-Tartrate, acetylcholineHMDB
Acetyl choline ionHMDB
Acetylcholine cationHMDB
Acetylcholinium: acetyl-cholineHMDB
Choline acetate (ester)HMDB
Bournonville brand OF acetylcholine chlorideHMDB
Iolab brand OF acetylcholine chlorideHMDB
Alcon brand OF acetylcholine chlorideHMDB
Ciba vision brand OF acetylcholine chlorideHMDB
AcetylcholineMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC7H16NO2
Average Molecular Mass146.207 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass146.118 g/mol
CAS Registry Number51-84-3
IUPAC Name[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]trimethylazanium
Traditional Nameacetylcholine
SMILESCC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1
InChI KeyOIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl cholines. These are acylated derivatives of choline. Choline or 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CH3)3N+(CH2)2OH.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassQuaternary ammonium salts
Direct ParentAcyl cholines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acyl choline
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organic cation
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.14 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.9ALOGPS
logP-4.2ChemAxon
logS-3.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area26.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity51.35 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4r-9100000000-bf8d3f373f038db1a310Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000j-9600000000-ec60451904fda7dde556Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000l-9000000000-2ea4c086c3ab458a1d7cSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-9000000000-98d5a70eed75a0945da4Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-1900000000-2da10e016ac539b6e981Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-7efaaa08a6c43d816358Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-eb7d66198d7674cbbd2aSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-000l-9000000000-41b87d773c58129802e9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9e8e66250f2cf34a2046Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-f7fe18f2371596dc7333Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positivesplash10-000j-9800000000-b0f987ebcb0179a2c5abSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-1be58612df9c1eef1282Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0002-1900000000-2da10e016ac539b6e981Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-7efaaa08a6c43d816358Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-eb7d66198d7674cbbd2aSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-000l-9000000000-41b87d773c58129802e9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9ac44e29bdfbddf1b90dSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-f7fe18f2371596dc7333Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-000j-9800000000-b0f987ebcb0179a2c5abSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-000j-9400000000-8a3a0b77e93715b85ed4Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB03128
HMDB IDHMDB0000895
FooDB IDFDB012191
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00054040
BiGG ID38868
BioCyc IDACETYLCHOLINE
METLIN ID57
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAcetylcholine
Chemspider ID182
ChEBI ID15355
PubChem Compound ID187
Kegg Compound IDC01996
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14764638
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15014918
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15231705
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15361288
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18050502
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18407448
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=19255787
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20963497
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21130809
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21246223
11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21545631
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21601579
13. Szutowicz, Andrzej. Acetylcholine synthesis in synaptosomes. Postepy Biochemii (1979), 25(1), 59-84.
14. Nguyen VT, Ndoye A, Hall LL, Zia S, Arredondo J, Chernyavsky AI, Kist DA, Zelickson BD, Lawry MA, Grando SA: Programmed cell death of keratinocytes culminates in apoptotic secretion of a humectant upon secretagogue action of acetylcholine. J Cell Sci. 2001 Mar;114(Pt 6):1189-204.
15. Chia S, Megson IL, Ludlam CA, Fox KA, Newby DE: Preserved endothelial vasomotion and fibrinolytic function in patients with acute stent thrombosis or in-stent restenosis. Thromb Res. 2003;111(6):343-9.
16. Grando SA, Kist DA, Qi M, Dahl MV: Human keratinocytes synthesize, secrete, and degrade acetylcholine. J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jul;101(1):32-6.
17. Beilin B, Bessler H, Papismedov L, Weinstock M, Shavit Y: Continuous physostigmine combined with morphine-based patient-controlled analgesia in the postoperative period. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Jan;49(1):78-84.
18. Tao J, Jin YF, Yang Z, Wang LC, Gao XR, Lui L, Ma H: Reduced arterial elasticity is associated with endothelial dysfunction in persons of advancing age: comparative study of noninvasive pulse wave analysis and laser Doppler blood flow measurement. Am J Hypertens. 2004 Aug;17(8):654-9.
19. Jiang JL, Jiang DJ, Tang YH, Li NS, Deng HW, Li YJ: Effect of simvastatin on endothelium-dependent vaso-relaxation and endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Jul;25(7):893-901.
20. Haug KH, Bogen IL, Osmundsen H, Walaas I, Fonnum F: Effects on cholinergic markers in rat brain and blood after short and prolonged administration of donepezil. Neurochem Res. 2005 Dec;30(12):1511-20.
21. Katoh H, Shimada T, Inoue S, Takahashi N, Shimizu H, Ohta Y, Nakamura K, Murakami Y, Ishibashi Y, Matsumori A: Reduced high serum hepatocyte growth factor levels after successful cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 Mar;31(3):145-51.
22. Main C, Blennerhassett P, Collins SM: Human recombinant interleukin 1 beta suppresses acetylcholine release from rat myenteric plexus. Gastroenterology. 1993 Jun;104(6):1648-54.
23. Ikarashi Y, Harigaya Y, Tomidokoro Y, Kanai M, Ikeda M, Matsubara E, Kawarabayashi T, Kuribara H, Younkin SG, Maruyama Y, Shoji M: Decreased level of brain acetylcholine and memory disturbance in APPsw mice. Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Apr;25(4):483-90.
24. Katz SD, Krum H: Acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in the forearm circulation of patients with heart failure: indirect evidence for the role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Am J Cardiol. 2001 May 1;87(9):1089-92.
25. Hanna ST, Cao K, Wang R: Interaction of acetylcholine with Kir6.1 channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 May 16;515(1-3):34-42.
26. Greig NH, Utsuki T, Ingram DK, Wang Y, Pepeu G, Scali C, Yu QS, Mamczarz J, Holloway HW, Giordano T, Chen D, Furukawa K, Sambamurti K, Brossi A, Lahiri DK: Selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibition elevates brain acetylcholine, augments learning and lowers Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide in rodent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 22;102(47):17213-8. Epub 2005 Nov 7.
27. Shirahata M, Balbir A, Otsubo T, Fitzgerald RS: Role of acetylcholine in neurotransmission of the carotid body. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2007 Jul 1;157(1):93-105. Epub 2007 Jan 11.
28. Hasselmo ME: The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006 Dec;16(6):710-5. Epub 2006 Sep 29.
29. Beane M, Marrocco RT: Norepinephrine and acetylcholine mediation of the components of reflexive attention: implications for attention deficit disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Oct;74(3):167-81.
30. Mezzelani A, Landini M, Facchiano F, Raggi ME, Villa L, Molteni M, De Santis B, Brera C, Caroli AM, Milanesi L, Marabotti A: Environment, dysbiosis, immunity and sex-specific susceptibility: a translational hypothesis for regressive autism pathogenesis. Nutr Neurosci. 2015 May;18(4):145-61. doi: 10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000108. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
31. Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
32. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.