Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-25 18:10:57 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:17:21 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM021722
Identification
Common NameL-Kynurenine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S)-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acidChEBI
3-Anthraniloyl-L-alanineChEBI
KYNURENINEChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoateGenerator
(S)-alpha,2-Diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoateHMDB
(S)-alpha,2-Diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoic acidHMDB
3-Anthraniloyl-alanineHMDB
3-AnthraniloylalanineHMDB
alpha,2-Diamino-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoateHMDB
alpha,2-Diamino-gamma-oxo-benzenebutanoic acidHMDB
DL-KynurenineHMDB
KynureninHMDB
QuinurenineHMDB
L-KynurenineHMDB
3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-L-alanineHMDB
KYNAHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H12N2O3
Average Molecular Mass208.214 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass208.085 g/mol
CAS Registry Number343-65-7
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
Traditional NameL-kynurenine
SMILESN[C@@H](CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C10H12N2O3/c11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9(13)5-8(12)10(14)15/h1-4,8H,5,11-12H2,(H,14,15)/t8-/m0/s1
InChI KeyYGPSJZOEDVAXAB-QMMMGPOBSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkyl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one alkyl group, and a phenyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbonyl compounds
Direct ParentAlkyl-phenylketones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alkyl-phenylketone
  • Butyrophenone
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Benzoyl
  • Gamma-keto acid
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Beta-aminoketone
  • Keto acid
  • Benzenoid
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Amino acid
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.67 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.9ALOGPS
logP-1.9ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.19ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.96ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area106.41 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity55.05 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability20.59 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-0931000000-29fa7c323b035cb399d3Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-0931000000-29fa7c323b035cb399d3Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-0931000000-a43ae0acafac266101c4Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-1910000000-fdc25d09b4da4b1d7657Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00dl-9500000000-d7bf6a26c74e0dcabf40Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-4920000000-cb575b96b16b3ef9130fSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0006-2910000000-366ce08b5736d68dfad0Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-01bd-5900000000-c18e10be7e029474cf03Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00kf-9300000000-0f8238d38819f6f30d12Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0790000000-3fa45266412288bf1c62Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-0007-3900000000-a66f45aff81960af7575Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-00xv-5900000000-15442ec5aaef005401aeSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00r7-7900000000-0833fe9d2739d329f197Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-0006-9400000000-d5d45364462a730de436Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-0006-0900000000-13929f0bde71b6326d3fSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-0f6w-2900000000-b2d4f361ffee9fd93bb7Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-004j-0900000000-96930a886f7bbcc44df3Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-2441a358973abdb063daSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-dc4fee4751d629575157Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-0006-0900000000-4ec06cc06a3eab2625d6Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-0006-0900000000-319acefac99779fa7552Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-0059-0890000000-4280b92b875a6f754a91Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-0059-0890000000-664e2c8904363418682eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-00dj-0139000000-aa6188977ba2f460f5bcSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-00dj-0139000000-ee71a364df13bd095febSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-06r7-0920000000-f2e6efdd3988d3010e33Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-022a-3900000000-e1c06099462847ad5b97Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-9700000000-a9df2d5ca325f97f69f1Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-2490000000-9604ae0cc9d437acd878Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00dl-9520000000-8f0ea7d174290496860dSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-006x-9400000000-9721076505654380d2deSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB02070
HMDB IDHMDB0000684
FooDB IDFDB022181
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00007604
BiGG ID1445574
BioCyc IDCPD-14736
METLIN ID72
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkKynurenine
Chemspider ID141580
ChEBI ID16946
PubChem Compound ID161166
Kegg Compound IDC00328
YMDB IDYMDB00375
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Hayaishi, Osamu. L-Kynurenine sulfate monohydrate. Biochemical Preparations (1953), 3 108-11.
2. Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.
3. Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
4. Mung D, Li L: Applying quantitative metabolomics based on chemical isotope labeling LC-MS for detecting potential milk adulterant in human milk. Anal Chim Acta. 2018 Feb 25;1001:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Nov 14.
5. Hayaishi, Osamu. L-Kynurenine sulfate monohydrate. Biochemical Preparations (1953), 3 108-11.
6. Moroni F, Carpenedo R, Chiarugi A: Kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase inhibitors as tools to study the role of kynurenine metabolites in the central nervous system. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:203-10.
7. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Ortner U, Wirleitner B, Fritsch P, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D: Enhanced tryptophan degradation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology. 2000 Apr;201(5):621-30.
8. Calandra P: Research on tryptophan metabolites "via kynurenine" in epidermis of man and mouse. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1975;29(1-6):158-60.
9. Manuelpillai U, Nicholls T, Wallace EM, Phillips DJ, Guillemin G, Walker D: Increased mRNA expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in human placentae exposed to bacterial endotoxin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:85-9.
10. Greengard O: Relationship between urinary excretion of kynurenine and liver tryptophan oxygenase activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1971 Jun;24(6):709-11.
11. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Kind S, Schmuth M, Fuchs D: Degradation of tryptophan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:571-7.
12. Joseph MH: Determination of kynurenine by a simple gas-liquid chromatographic method applicable to urine, plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr. 1978 Jul 1;146(1):33-41.
13. Heyes MP, Saito K, Lackner A, Wiley CA, Achim CL, Markey SP: Sources of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid in the brain of HIV-1-infected patients and retrovirus-infected macaques. FASEB J. 1998 Jul;12(10):881-96.
14. Fujigaki S, Saito K, Takemura M, Fujii H, Wada H, Noma A, Seishima M: Species differences in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolism: quantification of anthranilic acid and its related enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 15;358(2):329-35.
15. Heinmets F: Computer simulation and analysis of tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway in liver. Comput Biol Med. 1974 Sep;1(4):323-36.
16. Widner B, Werner ER, Schennach H, Fuchs D: An HPLC method to determine tryptophan and kynurenine in serum simultaneously. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:827-32.
17. Okuno E, Nakamura M, Schwarcz R: Two kynurenine aminotransferases in human brain. Brain Res. 1991 Mar 1;542(2):307-12.
18. Altman K, Greengard O: Correlation of kynurenine excretion with liver tryptophan pyrrolase levels in disease and after hydrocortisone induction. J Clin Invest. 1966 Oct;45(10):1527-34.
19. Saito K, Fujigaki S, Heyes MP, Shibata K, Takemura M, Fujii H, Wada H, Noma A, Seishima M: Mechanism of increases in L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid in renal insufficiency. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):F565-72.
20. Pearson SJ, Meldrum A, Reynolds GP: An investigation of the activities of 3-hydroxykynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase in the brain in Huntington's disease. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1995;102(1):67-73.
21. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9.
22. Heyes MP, Saito K, Milstien S, Schiff SJ: Quinolinic acid in tumors, hemorrhage and bacterial infections of the central nervous system in children. J Neurol Sci. 1995 Nov;133(1-2):112-8.
23. Heyes MP, Saito K, Crowley JS, Davis LE, Demitrack MA, Der M, Dilling LA, Elia J, Kruesi MJ, Lackner A, et al.: Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Brain. 1992 Oct;115 ( Pt 5):1249-73.
24. Hartai Z, Klivenyi P, Janaky T, Penke B, Dux L, Vecsei L: Kynurenine metabolism in plasma and in red blood cells in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Dec 15;239(1):31-5. Epub 2005 Aug 15.
25. Martinsons A, Rudzite V, Groma V, Bratslavska O, Widner B, Fuchs D: Kynurenine and neopterin in chronic glomerulonephritis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;467:579-86.
26. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.
27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22770225