Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-25 18:08:08 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:17:19 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM021609
Identification
Common NameD-Glucuronic acid
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionD-Glucuronic acid, also known as glcaa or D-glucuronate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. D-Glucuronic acid exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. D-Glucuronic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Feces
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
GlcAaChEBI
GlcAalphaChEBI
D-GlucuronateGenerator
alpha-D-Glucopyranuronic acidHMDB
alpha-D-Glucuronic acidHMDB
D-(+)-GlucuronateHMDB
D-(+)-Glucuronic acidHMDB
GCUHMDB
GlucosiduronateHMDB
Glucosiduronic acidHMDB
GlucuronateHMDB
Glucuronic acidHMDB
D-Glucopyranuronic acidHMDB
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyluronic acidHMDB
α-D-Glucopyranosyluronic acidHMDB
α-D-Glucopyranuronic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H10O7
Average Molecular Mass194.139 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass194.043 g/mol
CAS Registry Number6556-12-3
IUPAC Name(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameglucuronic acid
SMILESO[C@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11)/t1-,2-,3+,4-,6-/m0/s1
InChI KeyAEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-WAXACMCWSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentGlucuronic acid derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glucuronic acid or derivatives
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Pyran
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility295 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.3ALOGPS
logP-2.6ChemAxon
logS0.18ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.21ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area127.45 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity35.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.32 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a6s-5900000000-4145d7dbe91803d8047fSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000l-6242950000-7b610ed98440b47c2a32Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0h9c-7900000000-36121a46a2890d86232eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-0ab9-9000000000-8c30084b43ecb0cf7818Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0nti-9600000000-4b612e578cdaf7741845Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0abi-9100000000-d11d1ca4f89a0e4fd2c3Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-da8418e381341d813f7eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0596-9000000000-20adab7c4933c484d638Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-05fr-9000000000-f25129f7a6ec64681c54Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0fk9-9700000000-1c1e9d5073121d3855c9Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004j-0900000000-580b96de2b78621ac645Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-056s-1900000000-5b29218582cf3ee829fdSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4r-9400000000-2aa876e0cbcc0ef3bddfSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0007-0900000000-5e77c9eef959f8dfe0bfSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0035-3900000000-97b32d589162947b3a11Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-9100000000-23aa5a5d3545ff8b0f90Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-2877a7e6d3ecd32cf172Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000b-7900000000-d748e59637b495442c9eSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03dl-9100000000-40ac961f184de816ed86Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0006-3900000000-64f3d0eb26f7bc8ca624Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a73-9300000000-329488f791f643b1c308Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-474e82a5911096bc3b39Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000127
FooDB IDFDB021897
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001123
BiGG ID34196
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID161
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGlucuronic acid
Chemspider ID392615
ChEBI ID42717
PubChem Compound ID444791
Kegg Compound IDC00191
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDECMDB04073
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Hamayasu, Kenichi; Tadokoro, Hiroki; Kishino, Eriko; Ito, Tetsuya; Fujita, Koki; Hara, Kozo. Preparation of glucuronic acid and/or glucuronolactone from sucrose. PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 21pp.
2. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386
3. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff, John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375-386 doi: 10.1007/s11306-009-0160-8
4. Hamayasu, Kenichi; Tadokoro, Hiroki; Kishino, Eriko; Ito, Tetsuya; Fujita, Koki; Hara, Kozo. Preparation of glucuronic acid and/or glucuronolactone from sucrose. PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 21pp.
5. Jowett TP, Slater JD: A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of tetrahydroaldosterone 3-glucosiduronic acid in human plasma. Clin Chim Acta. 1981 Jan 22;109(2):133-44.
6. Schmitt G, Aderjan R, Keller T, Wu M: Ethyl glucuronide: an unusual ethanol metabolite in humans. Synthesis, analytical data, and determination in serum and urine. J Anal Toxicol. 1995 Mar-Apr;19(2):91-4.
7. Karasawa E: [Supplementary findings on urinary glucuronic acid excretion in pediatrics. I. Total glucuronic acid in 24-hour urine of normal infants determined by the modified Fishman's method with NaBH4]. Nihon Shonika Gakkai Zasshi. 1968 Aug 1;72(8):1122-7.
8. Carpenter PC, Mattox VR: Isolation, determination of structure and synthesis of the acid-labile conjugate of aldosterone. Biochem J. 1976 Jul 1;157(1):1-14.
9. Raju U, Sklarew RJ, Post J, Levitz M: Steroid metabolism in human breast cancer cell lines. Steroids. 1978 Dec;32(5):669-80.
10. Stearns RA, Miller RR, Doss GA, Chakravarty PK, Rosegay A, Gatto GJ, Chiu SH: The metabolism of DuP 753, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, by rat, monkey, and human liver slices. Drug Metab Dispos. 1992 Mar-Apr;20(2):281-7.
11. Little JM, St Pyrek J, Lester R: Hepatic metabolism of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-etianic acid (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17 beta-carboxylic acid) in the adult rat. J Clin Invest. 1983 Jan;71(1):73-80.
12. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.
13. Pfeiffer E, Graf E, Gerstner S, Metzler M: Stimulation of estradiol glucuronidation: a protective mechanism against estradiol-mediated carcinogenesis? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 Apr;50(4-5):385-9.
14. McDonagh AF, Palma LA, Lauff JJ, Wu TW: Origin of mammalian biliprotein and rearrangement of bilirubin glucuronides in vivo in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1984 Sep;74(3):763-70.
15. Murano PS, Robichaud VY, Webb RE: Urinary excretion of sulfate and glucuronate conjugates in a free living population of adult males. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul;43(1):13-6.
16. Nishida T, Gatmaitan Z, Roy-Chowdhry J, Arias IM: Two distinct mechanisms for bilirubin glucuronide transport by rat bile canalicular membrane vesicles. Demonstration of defective ATP-dependent transport in rats (TR-) with inherited conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90(5):2130-5.
17. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=19443021
19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22770225
20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25568069
21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=31537530