Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:28:07 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:13:38 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM007613
Identification
Common NameTAUROCHOLIC ACID
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionThe product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.
Contaminant Sources
  • EAFUS Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Feces
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid 24-taurineChEBI
Cholic acid taurine conjugateChEBI
Choloyl-taurineChEBI
CholyltaurineChEBI
N-CholoyltaurineChEBI
TaurocholateChEBI
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanate 24-taurineGenerator
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholanic acid 24-taurineGenerator
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate 24-taurineGenerator
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanate 24-taurineGenerator
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid 24-taurineGenerator
Cholate taurine conjugateGenerator
Cholic acid taurine conjugic acidGenerator
Cholaic acidHMDB
CholaateHMDB
Taurine cholateHMDB
Taurocholic acid, (7 beta)-isomerHMDB
Taurocholic acid, (5 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC26H45NO7S
Average Molecular Mass515.703 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass515.292 g/mol
CAS Registry Number81-24-3
IUPAC Name2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid
Traditional Name2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethanesulfonic acid
SMILES[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1
InChI KeyWBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as trihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives. These are prenol lipids structurally characterized by a bile acid or alcohol which bears three hydroxyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassBile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Direct ParentTrihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Trihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • 12-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid
  • 7-hydroxysteroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid
  • Sulfonyl
  • Alkanesulfonic acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Polyol
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.077 g/LALOGPS
logP0.79ALOGPS
logP-0.24ChemAxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-0.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.053ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area144.16 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity132.19 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability57.36 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-911b2f8adf5d8a253a26Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-229891181661857b574bSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-e3b432e2a36b91fb1106Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-afa59839c0e5c1b1f875Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-b29692cfc9f66c4205c5Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , negativesplash10-0gvk-0019610000-6cd348047dc06e3abb7eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-014i-0010390000-b424218e255bf3091fdaSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0a4i-0191200000-4fddfc0190213d6555eeSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-08i9-0590000000-c210cb519c7e4192622eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0w29-0900000000-42467048740170d1f693Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positivesplash10-0002-0000940000-6c3a6cb6cef0d74f2139Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03di-0000090000-21f22221a28d374a2518Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-0000900000-bc321572fda51c26ea4bSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-004i-2961000000-2ad87ae8f70b4deb4613Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-03di-0030090000-4366a02ee69b6b2b9a47Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-0114900000-263e4adb5d4c8f0a9166Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-0000900000-ffd27384b632f9e9db56Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-01p9-0389300000-86e8186c77b1ec43a6b7Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014j-0000960000-cd066ae54dc0cc5a21feSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00ea-0601910000-36005a0ab81d9a5c22c7Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-2901200000-0277ee57e5a77bb559edSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-006x-8903200000-6e18275cb262330c1d11Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03dj-3102890000-14b58b657187799f4abdSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01qa-6404930000-b60c0ef5b779fc055945Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-000x-9101100000-30f5c6ad01e5a5d282daSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB04348
HMDB IDHMDB0000036
FooDB IDFDB012335
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG ID45150
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID5104
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTaurocholic_acid
Chemspider ID6423
ChEBI ID28865
PubChem Compound ID6675
Kegg Compound IDC05122
YMDB IDYMDB00770
ECMDB IDECMDB24016
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Schersten, Tore; Bjorntorp, Per; Ekdahi, Per H.; Bjorkerud, Soren. Synthesis of taurocholic and glycocholic acids by preparations of human liver. II. An analysis of the stimulating effect of the L fraction. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects (1967), 141(1), 155-63.
2. Hoekman MF, Rientjes JM, Twisk J, Planta RJ, Princen HM, Mager WH: Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in the rat. Gene. 1993 Aug 25;130(2):217-23.
3. Sandker GW, Weert B, Olinga P, Wolters H, Slooff MJ, Meijer DK, Groothuis GM: Characterization of transport in isolated human hepatocytes. A study with the bile acid taurocholic acid, the uncharged ouabain and the organic cations vecuronium and rocuronium. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jun 15;47(12):2193-200.
4. Kullak-Ublick GA, Glasa J, Boker C, Oswald M, Grutzner U, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Beuers U, Kramer W, Wess G, Paumgartner G: Chlorambucil-taurocholate is transported by bile acid carriers expressed in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Gastroenterology. 1997 Oct;113(4):1295-305.
5. Claudel T, Inoue Y, Barbier O, Duran-Sandoval D, Kosykh V, Fruchart J, Fruchart JC, Gonzalez FJ, Staels B: Farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatic apolipoprotein CIII expression. Gastroenterology. 2003 Aug;125(2):544-55.
6. Rizzo G, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Pellicciari R, Fiorucci S: Role of FXR in regulating bile acid homeostasis and relevance for human diseases. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2005 Sep;5(3):289-303.
7. Duan RD, Cheng Y, Tauschel HD, Nilsson A: Effects of ursodeoxycholate and other bile salts on levels of rat intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase: a potential implication in tumorigenesis. Dig Dis Sci. 1998 Jan;43(1):26-32.
8. Akao T: Influence of various bile acids on the metabolism of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid by Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3 of human intestinal bacteria. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Aug;22(8):787-93.
9. Jigorel E, Le Vee M, Boursier-Neyret C, Bertrand M, Fardel O: Functional expression of sinusoidal drug transporters in primary human and rat hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Oct;33(10):1418-22. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
10. Zahner D, Eckhardt U, Petzinger E: Transport of taurocholate by mutants of negatively charged amino acids, cysteines, and threonines of the rat liver sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide Ntcp. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Mar;270(6):1117-27.
11. Wang LF, Luo H, Miyoshi M, Imoto T, Hiji Y, Sasaki T: Inhibitory effect of gymnemic acid on intestinal absorption of oleic acid in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998 Oct-Nov;76(10-11):1017-23.
12. Rius M, Nies AT, Hummel-Eisenbeiss J, Jedlitschky G, Keppler D: Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Hepatology. 2003 Aug;38(2):374-84.
13. Yamamoto Y, Moore R, Hess HA, Guo GL, Gonzalez FJ, Korach KS, Maronpot RR, Negishi M: Estrogen receptor alpha mediates 17alpha-ethynylestradiol causing hepatotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 16;281(24):16625-31. Epub 2006 Apr 10.
14. Kwekkeboom J, Princen HM, van Voorthuizen EM, Meijer P, Kempen HJ: Comparison of taurocholate accumulation in cultured hepatocytes of pig, rat and man. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jul 31;162(2):619-25.
15. Claudel T, Sturm E, Duez H, Torra IP, Sirvent A, Kosykh V, Fruchart JC, Dallongeville J, Hum DW, Kuipers F, Staels B: Bile acid-activated nuclear receptor FXR suppresses apolipoprotein A-I transcription via a negative FXR response element. J Clin Invest. 2002 Apr;109(7):961-71.
16. Perwaiz S, Tuchweber B, Mignault D, Gilat T, Yousef IM: Determination of bile acids in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res. 2001 Jan;42(1):114-9.
17. Johnson RC, Shah SN: Cholesterol ester hydrolase(s) in mammalian brain: is there a myelin-specific cholesterol ester hydrolase? Neurochem Res. 1986 Nov;11(11):1571-82.
18. van Montfoort JE, Muller M, Groothuis GM, Meijer DK, Koepsell H, Meier PJ: Comparison of "type I" and "type II" organic cation transport by organic cation transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):110-5.
19. Balakrishnan A, Sussman DJ, Polli JE: Development of stably transfected monolayer overexpressing the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT). Pharm Res. 2005 Aug;22(8):1269-80. Epub 2005 Aug 3.
20. St-Pierre MV, Kullak-Ublick GA, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Transport of bile acids in hepatic and non-hepatic tissues. J Exp Biol. 2001 May;204(Pt 10):1673-86.
21. Claudel T, Staels B, Kuipers F: The Farnesoid X receptor: a molecular link between bile acid and lipid and glucose metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Oct;25(10):2020-30. Epub 2005 Jul 21.
22. Chiang JY: Bile acid regulation of hepatic physiology: III. Bile acids and nuclear receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Mar;284(3):G349-56.
23. Davis RA, Miyake JH, Hui TY, Spann NJ: Regulation of cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase: BAREly missing a SHP. J Lipid Res. 2002 Apr;43(4):533-43.
24. Nittono H, Obinata K, Nakatsu N, Watanabe T, Niijima S, Sasaki H, Arisaka O, Kato H, Yabuta K, Miyano T: Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in urine of patients with biliary atresia: analysis of bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986 Jan;5(1):23-9.
25. Williamson C, Gorelik J, Eaton BM, Lab M, de Swiet M, Korchev Y: The bile acid taurocholate impairs rat cardiomyocyte function: a proposed mechanism for intra-uterine fetal death in obstetric cholestasis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001 Apr;100(4):363-9.
26. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9.
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