Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:13:02 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:09:43 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM006378
Identification
Common NameMANNITOL
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionThe D-enantiomer of mannitol.
Contaminant Sources
  • EAFUS Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Feces
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaolChEBI
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexolChEBI
D-(-)-MannitolChEBI
DulciteChEBI
e 421ChEBI
e-421ChEBI
e421ChEBI
Manna sugarChEBI
ManniteChEBI
OsmitrolChEBI
D-MannitolKegg
TobrexKegg
BronchitolKegg
1,2,3,4,5,6-HexanehexolHMDB
CordycepateHMDB
Cordycepic acidHMDB
DiosmolHMDB
HexahydroxyhexaneHMDB
HexanhexolHMDB
InvenexHMDB
IsotolHMDB
ManicolHMDB
Maniton SHMDB
Maniton-SHMDB
MannazuckerHMDB
MannidexHMDB
MannigenHMDB
MannistolHMDB
MannitHMDB
Mannit pHMDB
Mannogem 2080HMDB
Marine crystalHMDB
Mushroom sugarHMDB
OsmofundinHMDB
OsmosalHMDB
ResectisolHMDB
SDM No. 35HMDB
(L)-MannitolHMDB
MannitolChEBI
Chemical FormulaC6H14O6
Average Molecular Mass182.172 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass182.079 g/mol
CAS Registry Number69-65-8
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Traditional Namemannitol
SMILESOC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1
InChI KeyFBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentSugar alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Sugar alcohol
  • Monosaccharide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility229 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-3.7ChemAxon
logS0.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.59ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area121.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity38.4 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability17.04 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (6 TMS)splash10-0ktb-0931000000-b481d576c5f24dd1b1d5Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-066s-0942000000-20043a375d72ca08dce9Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)splash10-066r-1974000000-38a4beaca17ab8c750b6Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0229-9100000000-5655e9df8e0fdcaa72a0Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-9200000000-0dad802ab0000303cb33Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ktb-0931000000-b481d576c5f24dd1b1d5Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-066s-0942000000-20043a375d72ca08dce9Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-066r-1974000000-38a4beaca17ab8c750b6Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-066s-0942000000-f4df881aeebac32de5c7Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03k9-9500000000-97c5853d3e9b96f9d054Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a6s-7141193000-dcd9245e12314ee0ced4Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014j-9600000000-26f4335f7ef7c81ca261Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-066r-9000000000-73db1fbd51fb8c061becSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-05mo-9000000000-45a4dea1d21286c4b8daSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-0089-6900000000-961d76d6550bc342ffa1Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativesplash10-0089-6900000000-061f88989a6ac71321e3Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-0ik9-1900000000-eb8ea056f3b1dfe2fb1fSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negativesplash10-03di-1900000000-6768b4744e1a4e56b18bSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positivesplash10-00kb-1900000000-0765563624accf132d03Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positivesplash10-00dr-0900000000-e159f4e76b7847313f35Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positivesplash10-0900-0910000000-8d56394cbc78dd3b5ca0Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positivesplash10-0079-0900000000-63517bff4abfbf09e1caSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positivesplash10-0w2l-0940000000-dc20c851073dcbc4dba9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-05ar-9500000000-c82bc4e2d1e173359c3eSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0ab9-9000000000-47357f9a38864cba9668Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-066r-9000000000-9cd6979ccf800d067e03Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-02tj-9400000000-b72fa250b3caa4a87682Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-05mo-9000000000-fc27b5c54b0dd6fc8a39Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-9100000000-0436dafd7f39b7c910e9Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-066u-9000000000-fb4a8654ee07a1dcc56cSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-001i-2900000000-ef92b9091ecf5d15cdeeSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-9300000000-47f19bd4e51bff726536Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03dl-9100000000-60d5147d8e349337fe97Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-07ju-8900000000-36f0fe0f346a6424162aSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0c0c-9200000000-36e85b5ec098a45204c3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0btc-9000000000-77703ee971336704163fSpectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00di-9000000000-d5db4fbf6c1eb9dd3564Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00742
HMDB IDHMDB0000765
FooDB IDFDB112364
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001165
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDMANNITOL
METLIN ID142
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMannitol
Chemspider ID6015
ChEBI ID16899
PubChem Compound ID6251
Kegg Compound IDC00392
YMDB IDYMDB00830
ECMDB IDECMDB00765
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11784135
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=12646037
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15658873
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15863337
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16854081
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16901854
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17336832
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17420133
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17827020
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17973471
11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17979222
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17983214
13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18207412
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18220330
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22770225
16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24643482
17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25108762
18. Zhang, Chaohui; Wang, Jianping; He, Junlin. Preparation of mannitol from sucrose with high yield. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2005), 11 pp.
19. Polderman KH, van de Kraats G, Dixon JM, Vandertop WP, Girbes AR: Increases in spinal fluid osmolarity induced by mannitol. Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb;31(2):584-90.
20. Zunkeler B, Carson RE, Olson J, Blasberg RG, DeVroom H, Lutz RJ, Saris SC, Wright DC, Kammerer W, Patronas NJ, Dedrick RL, Herscovitch P, Oldfield EH: Quantification and pharmacokinetics of blood-brain barrier disruption in humans. J Neurosurg. 1996 Dec;85(6):1056-65.
21. Dreher F, Patouillet C, Fouchard F, Zanini M, Messager A, Roguet R, Cottin M, Leclaire J, Benech-Kieffer F: Improvement of the experimental setup to assess cutaneous bioavailability on human skin models: dynamic protocol. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002;15 Suppl 1:31-9.
22. Schramm-Baxter J, Mitragotri S: Needle-free jet injections: dependence of jet penetration and dispersion in the skin on jet power. J Control Release. 2004 Jul 7;97(3):527-35.
23. Megson GM, Stevens DA, Hamilton JR, Denning DW: D-mannitol in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jan;34(1):218-21.
24. Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Responsiveness to three bronchial provocation tests in patients with asthma. Chest. 2003 Dec;124(6):2171-7.
25. Zhao G, Wang CY, Wang F, Xiong JX: Clinical study on nutrition support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Sep;9(9):2105-8.
26. Kiyoshima A, Kudo K, Hino Y, Ikeda N: Sensitive and simple determination of mannitol in human brain tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jul 5;758(1):103-8.
27. Ware ML, Nemani VM, Meeker M, Lee C, Morabito DJ, Manley GT: Effects of 23.4% sodium chloride solution in reducing intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct;57(4):727-36; discussion 727-36.
28. Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Rapoport SI: Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jan 1;224(1):279-85.
29. Tang H, Blankschtein D, Langer R: Effects of low-frequency ultrasound on the transdermal permeation of mannitol: comparative studies with in vivo and in vitro skin. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Aug;91(8):1776-94.
30. Graefe H, Gutschow B, Gehring H, Dibbelt L: Sensitive and specific photometric determination of mannitol in human serum. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Aug;41(8):1049-55.
31. Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Sensitivity and validity of three bronchial provocation tests to demonstrate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1341-9.
32. Barben J, Roberts M, Chew N, Carlin JB, Robertson CF: Repeatability of bronchial responsiveness to mannitol dry powder in children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Dec;36(6):490-4.
33. Keating FK, Sobel BE, Schneider DJ: Effects of increased concentrations of glucose on platelet reactivity in healthy subjects and in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Dec 1;92(11):1362-5.
34. Kiyoshima A, Kudo K, Goto Y, Tobimatsu S, Ikeda N: Changes of the cerebral mannitol concentrations in the course of brain death of a rodent model. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2004 Apr;6(2):117-24.
35. Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Coughing during mannitol challenge is associated with asthma. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):1985-92.
36. Rikitake Y, Liao JK: Rho-kinase mediates hyperglycemia-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. Circulation. 2005 Jun 21;111(24):3261-8. Epub 2005 Jun 13.
37. Lee J, Chung BC: Simultaneous measurement of urinary polyols using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Feb 2;831(1-2):126-31. Epub 2005 Dec 13.
38. Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75.
39. Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71.
40. Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8.
41. Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83.
42. Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049.
43. Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4.
44. Wisselink HW, Mars AE, van der Meer P, Eggink G, Hugenholtz J: Metabolic engineering of mannitol production in Lactococcus lactis: influence of overexpression of mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase in different genetic backgrounds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jul;70(7):4286-92. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4286-4292.2004.
45. Zhang M, Gu L, Cheng C, Ma J, Xin F, Liu J, Wu H, Jiang M: Recent advances in microbial production of mannitol: utilization of low-cost substrates, strain development and regulation strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Feb 26;34(3):41. doi: 10.1007/s11274-018-2425-8.
46. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.
47. Song SH, Vieille C: Recent advances in the biological production of mannitol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Aug;84(1):55-62. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2086-5. Epub 2009 Jul 4.