Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:12:13 UTC
Update Date2016-11-09 01:09:42 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM006300
Identification
Common NameLEVULINIC ACID
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionAn oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.
Contaminant Sources
  • EAFUS Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • Tobacco Smoke Compounds
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
3-Acetylpropionic acidChEBI
3-Ketobutane-1-carboxylic acidChEBI
4-Ketovaleric acidChEBI
4-Oxovaleric acidChEBI
beta-Acetylpropionic acidChEBI
gamma-Ketovaleric acidChEBI
LAEVULINIC ACIDChEBI
LaevulinsaeureChEBI
LEVAChEBI
Levulic acidChEBI
LevulinsaeureChEBI
3-AcetylpropionateGenerator
3-Ketobutane-1-carboxylateGenerator
4-KetovalerateGenerator
4-OxovalerateGenerator
b-AcetylpropionateGenerator
b-Acetylpropionic acidGenerator
beta-AcetylpropionateGenerator
Β-acetylpropionateGenerator
Β-acetylpropionic acidGenerator
g-KetovalerateGenerator
g-Ketovaleric acidGenerator
gamma-KetovalerateGenerator
Γ-ketovalerateGenerator
Γ-ketovaleric acidGenerator
LAEVULINateGenerator
LevulateGenerator
LevulinateGenerator
4-OxopentanoateHMDB
4-Oxopentanoic acidHMDB
DiasporalHMDB
Levulinic acid, sodium saltHMDB
Magnesium diasporalHMDB
Calcium levulateHMDB
Magnesium levulinateHMDB
Calcium levulinateHMDB
Levulinic acid, ammonium saltHMDB
Levulinic acid, calcium saltHMDB
Magnesium laevulinateHMDB
Levulinic acidChEBI
Chemical FormulaC5H8O3
Average Molecular Mass116.115 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass116.047 g/mol
CAS Registry Number123-76-2
IUPAC Name4-oxopentanoic acid
Traditional Namelevulinic acid
SMILESCC(=O)CCC(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-4(6)2-3-5(7)8/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
InChI KeyJOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C4 carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassKeto acids and derivatives
Sub ClassGamma-keto acids and derivatives
Direct ParentGamma-keto acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gamma-keto acid
  • Short-chain keto acid
  • Ketone
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility139 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.14ALOGPS
logP-0.069ChemAxon
logS0.08ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.32ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity27.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.23 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-0ug0-6900000000-1e5d9b8d9a359287a6b0Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)splash10-0ug0-6900000000-ffad5af79457e68cca02Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9000000000-dd0d17209893b2b71d10Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9000000000-0b0447e3daa65b1cd932Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9000000000-e0d39a4a978220036faaSpectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ug0-6900000000-1e5d9b8d9a359287a6b0Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ug0-6900000000-ffad5af79457e68cca02Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-beecc1bba7b8b0ca4201Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fr-9500000000-8c1e2090296fa71bf0d0Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00xr-9400000000-923a1fccce36ba18d088Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-01vo-9300000000-2c09d37e792efac90655Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0303-9800000000-d158f0c32e82eca0ef90Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-dd0d17209893b2b71d10Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-006x-9000000000-adbd744553b432e3c700Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014i-9000000000-469fd98086c8d9ad1830Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-9200000000-e73b5a48710de1cc7a5dSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00kb-9400000000-1043277f0ad49a5664a3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-006t-9100000000-0a0fca12836c8c8ba113Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0zfr-9000000000-247961be84518f0ebcdaSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-3900000000-b8133a0e2c97f98cef46Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01b9-9600000000-e133b145c780f2c290d3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052e-9000000000-6ff5c46cdc591b725694Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00xs-9300000000-eb059cdb2e36fd93dd56Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0007-9000000000-1e533a2764dd57c91302Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-c7b0e35a1f31ca5d7853Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00ea-9000000000-8e96196fb7b3bcd96a40Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-a8096e58fd006cbfe211Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-83517d34c408e5f9d048Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB02239
HMDB IDHMDB0000720
FooDB IDFDB003296
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00051252
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID2195
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLevulinic_acid
Chemspider ID11091
ChEBI ID45630
PubChem Compound ID11579
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDECMDB21398
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=13215009
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16662002
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=19246769
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23627123
5. Cai, Lei; Lu, Xiuyang; He, Long; Xia, Wenli; Ren, Qilong. Review on preparation methods of levulinic acid, a new platform chemical. Xiandai Huagong (2003), 23(4), 14-16.
6. Lopez Montes A, Lorenzo I, Perez Martinez J: [Porphyria and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome]. Nefrologia. 2004;24 Suppl 3:85-8.
7. Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30.
8. Melgaard B, Clausen J, Rastogi SC: Heavy metal levels and delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydrase levels in peripheral polyneuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 Apr;53(4):291-307.
9. Matsui M, Kaji R, Oka N, Nishio T, Kimura J: [Multifocal axonal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1992 Oct;32(10):1130-5.
10. Lee SH, Kim SO, Chung BC: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of urinary oxoacids using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime-trimethylsilyl ester derivatization and cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):1-7.
11. Keithly L, Ferris Wayne G, Cullen DM, Connolly GN: Industry research on the use and effects of levulinic acid: a case study in cigarette additives. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005 Oct;7(5):761-71.
12. Endo G, Horiguchi S, Kiyota I: Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in lead-exposed workers. J Appl Toxicol. 1990 Aug;10(4):235-8.