ContaminantDB: Maleic acid

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (6)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-09-11 05:17:11 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 18:07:24 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003757

Identification

Common Name

Maleic acid

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis. Maleic acid is an organic compound which is a dicarboxylic acid (molecule with two carboxyl groups). The molecule consists of an ethylene group flanked by two carboxylic acid groups. Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer. The cis isomer is the less stable one of the two; the difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ/mol. The physical properties of maleic acid are very different from that of fumaric acid. Maleic acid is soluble in water whereas fumaric acid is not and the melting point of maleic acid (130 - 131 degree centigrade) is also much lower than that of fumaric acid (287 degree centigrade). Both properties of maleic acid can be explained on account of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding that takes place at the expense of intermolecular interactions. Maleic acid is converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation. It reacts with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride to give the maleic acid chloride (it is not possible to isolate the mono acid chloride). Maleic acid is a reactant in many Diels-Alder reactions.

Contaminant Sources

Clean Air Act Chemicals
FooDB Chemicals
HMDB Contaminants - Feces
HMDB Contaminants - Urine
HPV EPA Chemicals
OECD HPV Chemicals
STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(Z)-2-Butenedioic acid	ChEBI
(Z)-Butenedioic acid	ChEBI
cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid	ChEBI
cis-But-2-enedioic acid	ChEBI
cis-Butenedioic acid	ChEBI
H2Male	ChEBI
Toxilic acid	ChEBI
Maleate	Kegg
(Z)-2-Butenedioate	Generator
(Z)-Butenedioate	Generator
cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate	Generator
cis-But-2-enedioate	Generator
cis-Butenedioate	Generator
Toxilate	Generator
(2Z)-2-Butenedioate	HMDB
(2Z)-2-Butenedioic acid	HMDB
(2Z)-But-2-enedioate	HMDB
(2Z)-But-2-enedioic acid	HMDB
(2Z)-Butene-2-dioate	HMDB
(2Z)-Butene-2-dioic acid	HMDB
2-Butenedioate	HMDB
2-Butenedioic acid	HMDB
cis-2-Butenedioate	HMDB
cis-2-Butenedioic acid	HMDB
Kyselina maleinova	HMDB
MAE	HMDB
Maleinic acid	HMDB
Malenic acid	HMDB
Malezid CM	HMDB
Scotchbond multipurpose etchant	HMDB
Maleic acid, disodium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, monocopper (2+) salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, potassium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, sodium salt	HMDB
Sodium maleate	HMDB
Hydrogen maleate	HMDB
Maleic acid, ammonium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, calcium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, iron salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, neodymium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, dipotassium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, monoammonium salt	HMDB
Maleic acid, monosodium salt	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₄H₄O₄

Average Molecular Mass

116.072 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

116.011 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

110-16-7

IUPAC Name

(2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid

Traditional Name

maleic acid

SMILES

OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1-

InChI Key

VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Fatty acyl
Fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

butenedioic acid (CHEBI:18300 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Fibroblasts
Muscle
Neuron
Pancreas
Platelet
Prostate
Spleen

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	130.5°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	4.41E+005 mg/L (at 25°C)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	24.1 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	0.21	ALOGPS
logP	-0.041	ChemAxon
logS	-0.68	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.05	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	74.6 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	24.61 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	9.19 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-170a9d63d0cb31451c1d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-001j-5940000000-59e85bafafc1675e24ad	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0uxs-9000000000-d768b92d45a58ec32ec7	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-9000000000-617284552377852c7c46	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0910000000-15f30f525d5ea74dc9d4	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-170a9d63d0cb31451c1d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-001j-5940000000-59e85bafafc1675e24ad	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-4b46518e6c4f0c6724f2	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-01ba-9200000000-52f88e04bac0ff8cdf17	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-8920000000-06da44f348d0fe0358b3	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9200000000-77d8b2c7abcec2e3d5a1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9200000000-8d8a8b14a723e0363227	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-0229-9700000000-061b31801a2ae4703fc5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6L) , Positive	splash10-0uxs-9000000000-d768b92d45a58ec32ec7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-03di-2900000000-6bbe33cf398e663af0fc	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-550ee9efb3babd781bca	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-18e922c569242e2111e7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-f344fe84d76f2bf06f91	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-00fu-9000000000-6f90988f5d68f87b52d2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-00di-9400000000-99bc7f4db87479b4122a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-03di-2900000000-6bbe33cf398e663af0fc	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-550ee9efb3babd781bca	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-18e922c569242e2111e7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-f344fe84d76f2bf06f91	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00fu-9000000000-6f90988f5d68f87b52d2	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-00di-9400000000-99bc7f4db87479b4122a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-31211857acba85ea77cd	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-deb5cdbb73c1005a302e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-58cd192c368bc09a750e	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-014j-9800000000-dbf34563376daeb2901f	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00xs-9200000000-113bf08cdc77707ed3ad	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00fr-9000000000-f32d7ec65e8649bc2b0a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-2900000000-408d53a9fff7acc8ca23	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-6900000000-f149e9e5a34e27dd4d4e	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0fxt-9000000000-cae5f71dc27daaf17d9e	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB04299

HMDB ID

HMDB0000176

FooDB ID

FDB008113

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00007417

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

MALEATE

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

ECMDB21414

References

Synthesis Reference

Yasuhisha Fukumoto, Noboru Moriyama, Takashi Itoi, “Maleic acid copolymer, production thereof and scale-preventing agent containing the same.” U.S. Patent US4589995, issued August, 1933.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10952545

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11386868

3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22770225

4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=9591280

5. Dethloff, Christian; Barbarino, Sergio. Process temperature optimization in the manufacture of maleic acid by the hydrolysis of maleic anhydride. Eur. Pat. Appl. (1998), 7 pp.

6. Kotikoski H, Oksala O, Vapaatalo H, Aine E: Aqueous humour flow after a single oral dose of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in healthy volunteers. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003 Aug;81(4):355-60.

7. Herreras JM, Pastor JC, Calonge M, Asensio VM: Ocular surface alteration after long-term treatment with an antiglaucomatous drug. Ophthalmology. 1992 Jul;99(7):1082-8.

8. Klose T, Welzel PB, Werner C: Protein adsorption from flowing solutions on pure and maleic acid copolymer modified glass particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2006 Aug 1;51(1):1-9. Epub 2006 May 17.

9. Renner L, Pompe T, Salchert K, Werner C: Dynamic alterations of fibronectin layers on copolymer substrates with graded physicochemical characteristics. Langmuir. 2004 Mar 30;20(7):2928-33.