| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2014-09-08 02:41:57 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2016-11-09 01:09:11 UTC |
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| Accession Number | CHEM003624 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Sodium chloride |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Sodium chloride or table salt is a mineral substance belonging to the larger class of compounds called ionic salts. Salt in its natural form is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in the ocean, which has about 35 grams of sodium chloride per litre, corresponding to a salinity of 3.5%. Salt is essential for animal life, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. The tissues of animals contain larger quantities of salt than do plant tissues. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous of food seasonings, and salting is an important method of food preservation. Salt is produced from salt mines or by the evaporation of seawater or mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools. Salt is used in many industrial processes and in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, plastics, paper pulp and many other consumer products. Of the global annual production of around 200,000,000 tonnes of salt, only 6% is used for human consumption. Other uses include water conditioning, highway de-icing and various agricultural applications. For humans, salt is a major source of sodium. Sodium is essential to life: it helps nerves and muscles to function correctly, and it is one of the factors involved in the regulation of water content. |
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| Contaminant Sources | - EAFUS Chemicals
- FooDB Chemicals
- HPV EPA Chemicals
- OECD HPV Chemicals
- STOFF IDENT Compounds
- T3DB toxins
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| Contaminant Type | - Flavouring Agent
- Food Additive
- Inorganic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Chlorure de sodium | ChEBI | | Cloruro sodico | ChEBI | | Common salt | ChEBI | | Halite | ChEBI | | Kochsalz | ChEBI | | NaCl | ChEBI | | Natrii chloridum | ChEBI | | Natriumchlorid | ChEBI | | Rock salt | ChEBI | | Salt | ChEBI | | Table salt | ChEBI | | Adsorbanac | Kegg | | Sodium chloride, (22)na | MeSH | | Sodium chloride, (24)nacl | MeSH | | Saline solution | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | ClNa |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 58.443 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 57.959 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7647-14-5 |
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| IUPAC Name | sodium chloride |
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| Traditional Name | sodium chloride |
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| SMILES | [Na+].[Cl-] |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 |
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| InChI Key | FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is an alkali metal. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Alkali metal salts |
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| Sub Class | Alkali metal chlorides |
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| Direct Parent | Alkali metal chlorides |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Alkali metal chloride
- Inorganic chloride salt
- Inorganic sodium salt
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Endogenous and Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | |
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| Pathways | | Name | SMPDB Link | KEGG Link |
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| Renin-angiotensin system | Not Available | map04614 | | Penicillins | Not Available | Not Available | | Nitrogen Metabolism | Not Available | Not Available | | Endocytosis | Not Available | map04144 | | Sulfur metabolism | Not Available | map00920 | | Circadian rhythm | Not Available | map04710 | | Cell cycle | Not Available | map04110 | | Arachidonic Acid Metabolism | SMP00075 | map00590 | | Antifungal Agents | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White crystals |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | 801°C | | Boiling Point | 1413°C | | Solubility | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | Not Available |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Not Available |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | A high salt diet disrupts the natural sodium balance in the body. This causes fluid retention which increases the pressure exerted by the blood against blood vessel walls leading to high blood pressure or hypertension. It has been estimated that a reduction in salt intake from 10g a day to 6g could reduce blood pressure sufficiently that it would lead to a 16% reduction in deaths from strokes and a 12% reduction in deaths from coronary heart disease. |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Toxicity Values | The World Health Organization recommends that all adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium (which is equivalent to 5 g of salt) per day. |
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| Lethal Dose | LD50 3000 mg/kg (oral, rat), LD50 1000 mg/kg (humans) |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Not listed by IARC. |
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| Uses/Sources | Salt is used for food flavouring, food, plastic production, paper production, water conditioning, de-icing, agricultural applications. Salt is produced from salt mines or by the evaporation of seawater or mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools. |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Too much or too little salt in the diet can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness, or electrolyte disturbance, which can cause neurological problems, or eveb death. Death can occur by ingestion of large amounts of salt in a short time (about 1 g per kg of body weight). Deaths have also resulted from attempted use of salt solutions as emetics, forced salt intake, and accidental confusion of salt with sugar in child food. Long term or chronically excessive intake of salt can lead to stroke, high blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy and stomach cancer. |
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| Symptoms | Acute salt overdoses can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness or neurological conditions. |
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| Treatment | Not Available |
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| Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | DB09153 |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0303410 |
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| FooDB ID | FDB013288 |
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| Phenol Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | NACL |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Sodium_Chloride |
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| Chemspider ID | 5044 |
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| ChEBI ID | 26710 |
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| PubChem Compound ID | Not Available |
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| Kegg Compound ID | C13563 |
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| YMDB ID | Not Available |
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| ECMDB ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| General References | Not Available |
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