ContaminantDB: Sambunigrin

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-09-05 17:14:54 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-06 01:54:30 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003579

Identification

Common Name

Sambunigrin

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Sambunigrin is found in black elderberry. Sambunigrin is isolated from leaves of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and from other plantsSambunigrin belongs to the family of O-glycosyl Compounds. These are glycosides in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.

Contaminant Sources

FooDB Chemicals
T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Cyanogenic Glycoside
Ether
Food Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Nitrile
Organic Compound
Plant Toxin

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S)-Sambunigrin	ChEBI
(S)-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)(phenyl)acetonitrile	ChEBI
(S)-Mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside	ChEBI
(S)-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosylmandelonitrile	ChEBI
(S)-Sambunigrin	ChEBI
L-Prunasin	ChEBI
(S)-(b-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)(phenyl)acetonitrile	Generator
(S)-(Β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)(phenyl)acetonitrile	Generator
(S)-Mandelonitrile b-D-glucoside	Generator
(S)-Mandelonitrile β-D-glucoside	Generator
(S)-O-b-D-Glucopyranosylmandelonitrile	Generator
(S)-O-Β-D-glucopyranosylmandelonitrile	Generator
(2S)-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)(phenyl)acetonitrile	HMDB
(S)-Prunasin	HMDB
Sambunigrin	MeSH

Chemical Formula

C₁₄H₁₇NO₆

Average Molecular Mass

295.288 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

295.106 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

99-19-4

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-phenyl-2-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile

Traditional Name

(S)-prunasin

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H](C#N)C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C14H17NO6/c15-6-9(8-4-2-1-3-5-8)20-14-13(19)12(18)11(17)10(7-16)21-14/h1-5,9-14,16-19H,7H2/t9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-/m1/s1

InChI Key

ZKSZEJFBGODIJW-YOVYLDAJSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyanogenic glycosides. These are glycosides in which the aglycone moiety contains a cyanide group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Cyanogenic glycosides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Cyanogenic glycoside
Hexose monosaccharide
O-glycosyl compound
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Monosaccharide
Oxane
Benzenoid
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Nitrile
Carbonitrile
Acetal
Organoheterocyclic compound
Oxacycle
Primary alcohol
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Alcohol
Organopnictogen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

prunasin (CHEBI:27761 )
Cyanogenic glucosides derived from phenylalanine (C00844 )
Cyanogenic glycosides (C00844 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	151 - 152 °C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	28.2 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.56	ALOGPS
logP	-0.82	ChemAxon
logS	-1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.21	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	123.17 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	70.1 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	29.09 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-02e9-5970000000-af7eea9783215b5077ec	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-014i-2411490000-eb6d4c8c77d360144d24	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001j-0950000000-94af28ff3325aa91829f	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00lr-0900000000-c209318aed53a776a604	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-067i-3900000000-f46229fde33733da738a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000x-1890000000-a1a34454361f8a461a19	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-2910000000-9efa8331da9f7f35adb0	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-003r-9800000000-6551bbcd67cdb9809506	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0006-0950000000-911e901878111f3552da	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0gc0-1910000000-e65f091dbdc8f43dd35c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00lr-2900000000-ae791f613076bd282606	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-014j-0930000000-b073c628b5ae90962ddb	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0159-1930000000-0195cac2f79233b86e61	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-014i-6900000000-14cef03a9110265ac2a2	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (2)

Metabolism

Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (1)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Sambunigrin is found in black elderberry. Sambunigrin is isolated from leaves of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and from other plantsSambunigrin belongs to the family of O-glycosyl Compounds.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID