ContaminantDB: Alpha-Lactose

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (3)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:51:09 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-14 15:13:02 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003377

Identification

Common Name

Alpha-Lactose

Class

Small Molecule

Description

alpha-Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation. It is digested by the intestinal lactase (EC 3.2.1.108), an enzyme expressed in newborns. Its activity declines following weaning. As a result, adult mammals are normally lactose-intolerant and more than 75% of the human adult population suffers from lactase deficiency. Lactase deficiency is present in up to 80 percent of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100 percent of American Indians and Asians. Persons with lactose intolerance are unable to digest significant amounts of lactose. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, excessive flatus, and watery stool following the ingestion of foods containing lactose. A sizable number of adults believe they are lactose intolerant but do not actually have impaired lactose digestion, and some persons with lactase deficiency can tolerate moderate amounts of ingested lactose. A diagnosis of lactose intolerance can usually be made with a careful history supported by dietary manipulation. If necessary, diagnosis can be confirmed by using a breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance test. These mostly uncomfortable symptoms of lactose maldigestion are blamed for a variably dairy consumption. There is, however, emerging evidence that certain lactic acid-producing bacteria, which selectively consume prebiotics, may be beneficial against some lower intestinal diseases. Lactose maldigestion and lactose should perhaps be re-evaluated as a potential provider of such a prebiotic. Treatment consists primarily of avoiding lactose-containing foods. Lactase enzyme supplements may be helpful. The degree of lactose malabsorption varies greatly among patients with lactose intolerance, but most of them can ingest up to 350 mL of milk daily without symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients must ensure adequate calcium intake. (1, 2, 3, 4).

Contaminant Sources

EAFUS Chemicals
FooDB Chemicals
HMDB Contaminants - Feces
HMDB Contaminants - Urine
HPV EPA Chemicals
STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Animal Toxin
Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Mammal Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-D-glucopyranose	ChEBI
4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose	ChEBI
Anhydrous lactose	ChEBI
beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D-GLCP	ChEBI
Lactose	ChEBI
Milk sugar	ChEBI
1-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-a-D-glucopyranose	Generator
1-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-4-α-D-glucopyranose	Generator
4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranose	Generator
4-O-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranose	Generator
b-D-Galp-(1->4)-a-D-GLCP	Generator
Β-D-galp-(1->4)-α-D-GLCP	Generator
a-Lactose	Generator
Α-lactose	Generator
(+)-Lactose	HMDB
1-beta-delta-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-delta-glucopyranose	HMDB
4-O-Hexopyranosylhexose	HMDB
Aletobiose	HMDB
Dilactose	HMDB
Fast-flo lactose	HMDB
Flowlac 100	HMDB
Galactinum	HMDB
GLC-(4-1)Gal	HMDB
Granulac 140m	HMDB
Lactin	HMDB
Lactin (carbohydrate)	HMDB
Lactobiose	HMDB
Lactohale 300	HMDB
Lactose anhydride	HMDB
Lactose fast-flo	HMDB
Osmolactan	HMDB
Pharmatosa DCL 21	HMDB
Pharmatose 21	HMDB
Pharmatose 325m	HMDB
Pharmatose DCL 15	HMDB
Prismalac	HMDB
Respitose ML 003	HMDB
Respitose SV 003	HMDB
Saccharum lactin	HMDB
Sachelac	HMDB
Sorbalac 400	HMDB
Sorbolac 400	HMDB
Spherolac	HMDB
Super-tab	HMDB
Tablettose	HMDB
Tablettose 70	HMDB
Tablettose 80	HMDB
Zeparox ep	HMDB
Lactose, anhydrous	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Average Molecular Mass

342.297 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

342.116 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

63-42-3

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

Traditional Name

α-lactose

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1

InChI Key

GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

O-glycosyl compounds

Alternative Parents

Substituents

O-glycosyl compound
Disaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Acetal
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

lactose (CHEBI:36219 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Bladder
Gut
Intestine
Muscle
Platelet
Skin
Spleen

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Galactose Metabolism	SMP00043	map00052
Lactose Degradation	SMP00457	Not Available
Lactose Synthesis	SMP00444	Not Available
Lactose Intolerance	SMP00458	Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

human metabolite

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	201 - 202°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	195 mg/mL at 20°C

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	586 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3	ALOGPS
logP	-4.7	ChemAxon
logS	0.23	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.25	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	11	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	8	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	189.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	68.34 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	30.92 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	0	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS)	splash10-0uxs-0972000000-af8ca1bf1faa3d01a08d	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS; 1 MEOX)	splash10-00di-9741000000-a61bf0223a1683f0402e	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (8 TMS; 1 MEOX)	splash10-00di-9641000000-12611bfab50cb066e8af	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-03e9-4897000000-332d470623cd7f1e1ced	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-014i-3513539000-d702fa4adb45f44530b6	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_3_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_3_16) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_10) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_11) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_12) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_20) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_32) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_4_33) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS ("Alpha-Lactose,3TBDMS,#3" TMS) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03di-0901000000-bcb7aaa42261d980d488	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000f-9300000000-1bc18b05388cd2213573	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-01p9-9000000000-4483af567feecb34a651	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-03gl-0907000000-a1de7813fbe8b5258c10	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03e9-0900000000-79cc5059a3f338e8c1dd	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-03di-3900000000-851d0bc84d91b6e09579	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-002f-0749000000-af1d18f2bc3ab8e02883	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0200-2902000000-67218697344afb9e70fa	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-01td-4900000000-40aa2d8125769803cfbb	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000x-1069000000-9cd867711bca0eecf935	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0006-9365000000-65403961bfb5e35eaa0d	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-000l-9200000000-0de9785c1c5df1430dd2	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-0109000000-9d0f9a68a67bafd734ab	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-01rw-3898000000-7f495a1bcfdbed6466c4	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-01ti-9210000000-b8a83657f0266d372bee	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum