3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (CHEM003227)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesXML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-08-29 06:10:46 UTC
Update Date2026-04-05 14:25:29 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003227
Identification
Common Name3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
ClassSmall Molecule
Description3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) is formed when Acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes. (2).
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • T3DB toxins
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Ester
  • Ether
  • Food Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
(S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAHMDB
(S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme AHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoAHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme AHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme AHMDB
HMG-CoAHMDB
HMG-coenzyme AHMDB
Hydroxymethylglutaroyl coenzyme AHMDB
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoAHMDB
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme AHMDB
S-(Hydrogen 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)coenzyme AHMDB
S-(Hydrogen 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioateHMDB
S-(Hydrogen 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioate) coenzyme AHMDB
S-(Hydrogen 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioic acidHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, (S)-isomerHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, mono(3-oxobutanoate)HMDB
Chemical FormulaC27H44N7O20P3S
Average Molecular Mass911.659 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass911.157 g/mol
CAS Registry Number1553-55-5
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional Name(3S)-5-({2-[3-(3-{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)propanamido]ethyl}sulfanyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid
SMILESC[C@](O)(CC(O)=O)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C27H44N7O20P3S/c1-26(2,21(40)24(41)30-5-4-15(35)29-6-7-58-17(38)9-27(3,42)8-16(36)37)11-51-57(48,49)54-56(46,47)50-10-14-20(53-55(43,44)45)19(39)25(52-14)34-13-33-18-22(28)31-12-32-23(18)34/h12-14,19-21,25,39-40,42H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,35)(H,30,41)(H,36,37)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H2,28,31,32)(H2,43,44,45)/t14-,19-,20-,21?,25-,27+/m1/s1
InChI KeyCABVTRNMFUVUDM-MIGRVSMKSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas. These are alpha, omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that result from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaric acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acyl thioesters
Direct Parent3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl CoAs
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Coenzyme a or derivatives
  • Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
  • Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
  • Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
  • Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Beta amino acid or derivatives
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Organic pyrophosphate
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Imidolactam
  • N-acyl-amine
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Monosaccharide
  • Fatty amide
  • Pyrimidine
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azole
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Thiocarboxylic acid ester
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carbothioic s-ester
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisome
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Butyrate MetabolismSMP00073 map00650
Ketone Body MetabolismSMP00071 map00072
Steroid BiosynthesisSMP00023 map00100
Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine DegradationSMP00032 map00280
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase DeficiencySMP00138 Not Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.1 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.53ALOGPS
logP-7.5ChemAxon
logS-2.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.83ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count20ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count11ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area421.16 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count24ChemAxon
Refractivity193.7 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability81.01 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000l-0891000250-052d51ef28faa9ab5b73Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0971100000-dc16942c0a4531c8cb60Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-1950000000-12dcb50a3caaf20a9aa5Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00o4-4901031462-49fbf273ff8df18347bbSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-3900110010-0be1f0212b5d814ea24cSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-057i-6900100000-fffa063c59d4fcd54e7aSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismMetabolism of organophosphates occurs principally by oxidation, by hydrolysis via esterases and by reaction with glutathione. Demethylation and glucuronidation may also occur. Oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides may result in moderately toxic products. In general, phosphorothioates are not directly toxic but require oxidative metabolism to the proximal toxin. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. PON1 hydrolyzes the active metabolites in several organophosphates insecticides as well as, nerve agents such as soman, sarin, and VX. The presence of PON1 polymorphisms causes there to be different enzyme levels and catalytic efficiency of this esterase, which in turn suggests that different individuals may be more susceptible to the toxic effect of organophosphate exposure.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not listed by IARC.
Uses/SourcesThis is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0001375
FooDB IDFDB022587
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG ID34727
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID6201
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
Chemspider ID388357
ChEBI ID15467
PubChem Compound ID439218
Kegg Compound IDC00356
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceWilliamson I P; Rodwell V W Isolation and purification of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A by ion-exchange chromatography. Journal of lipid research (1981), 22(1), 184-7.
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Williamson I P; Rodwell V W Isolation and purification of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A by ion-exchange chromatography. Journal of lipid research (1981), 22(1), 184-7.
2. Li X, Liu L, Tupper JC, Bannerman DD, Winn RK, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD, Harlan JM: Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and RhoA/RhoA kinase pathway induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 3;277(18):15309-16. Epub 2002 Feb 11.
3. Mital BK, Garg SK: Anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic, and antagonistic activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1995;21(3):175-214.
4. Nozaki S, Nakagawa T, Nakata A, Yamashita S, Kameda-Takemura K, Nakamura T, Keno Y, Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y: Effects of pravastatin on plasma and urinary mevalonate concentrations in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a comparison of morning and evening administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;49(5):361-4.
5. Ubels FL, Muntinga JH, van Doormaal JJ, Reitsma WD, Smit AJ: Effects of initial and long-term lipid-lowering therapy on vascular wall characteristics. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Jan;154(1):155-61.
6. Huang L, Wang Y, Grimm S: ATP-dependent transport of rosuvastatin in membrane vesicles expressing breast cancer resistance protein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 May;34(5):738-42. Epub 2006 Jan 13.
7. Sato T, Oouchi M, Nagakubo H, Chiba T, Ogawa S, Sato C, Sugimura K, Fukuda M: Effect of pravastatin on plasma ketone bodies in diabetics with hypercholesterolemia. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1998 May;185(1):25-9.
8. Son BK, Kozaki K, Iijima K, Eto M, Kojima T, Ota H, Senda Y, Maemura K, Nakano T, Akishita M, Ouchi Y: Statins protect human aortic smooth muscle cells from inorganic phosphate-induced calcification by restoring Gas6-Axl survival pathway. Circ Res. 2006 Apr 28;98(8):1024-31. Epub 2006 Mar 23.
9. Gianni L, Di Padova F, Zuin M, Podda M: Bile acid-induced inhibition of the lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen: an in vitro study. Gastroenterology. 1980 Feb;78(2):231-5.
10. Jenke HS, Lowel M, Berndt J: Effect of alterations in vitro and in vivo of the cholesterol content in rat liver microsomes on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1983 Feb;364(2):135-40.
11. Naseem SM, Heald FP: Sex mediated lipid metabolism in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Apr 14;144(1):284-91.
12. Wysocki SJ, Wilkinson SP, Hahnel R, Wong CY, Panegyres PK: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, combined with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Aug 2;70(3):399-406.
13. Knight BL, Patel DD, Soutar AK: The regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, cholesterol esterification and the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptors in cultured monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochem J. 1983 Feb 15;210(2):523-32.
14. Lange Y, Ye J, Steck TL: Activation of membrane cholesterol by displacement from phospholipids. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36126-31. Epub 2005 Aug 29.
15. Martin J, Denver R, Bailey M, Krum H: In vitro inhibitory effects of atorvastatin on cardiac fibroblasts: implications for ventricular remodelling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Sep;32(9):697-701.
16. Plotkin D, Miller S, Nakajima S, Peskin E, Burkman R, Richardson D, Mitchel Y, Waldstreicher J, Liu M, Shapiro D, Santoro N: Lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol with simvastatin, a hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, does not affect luteal function in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;87(7):3155-61.
17. Gil G, Smith JR, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: Optional exon in the 5'-untranslated region of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase gene: conserved sequence and splicing pattern in humans and hamsters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(7):1863-6.
18. Freeman MR, Solomon KR: Cholesterol and prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem. 2004 Jan 1;91(1):54-69.