ContaminantDB: L-Lactic acid

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (1)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:07:24 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 19:42:18 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM003213

Identification

Common Name

L-Lactic acid

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. Lactate measurement in the critically ill has been traditionally used to stratify patients with poor outcome. However, plasma lactate levels are the result of a finely tuned interplay of factors that affect the balance between its production and its clearance. When the oxygen supply does not match its consumption, organisms such as man who are forced to produce ATP for their integrity adapt in many different ways up to the point when energy failure occurs. Lactate, being part of the adaptive response, may then be used to assess the severity of the supply/demand imbalance. In such a scenario, the time to intervention becomes relevant: early and effective treatment may allow the cell to revert to a normal state, as long as the oxygen machinery (i.e. mitochondria) is intact. Conversely, once the mitochondria are deranged, energy failure occurs even in the presence of normoxia. The lactate increase in critically ill patients may therefore be viewed as an early marker of a potentially reversible state. A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo could be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 micromol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high molar concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tumors (< median of approximately 8 micromol/g) were associated with both a longer overall and disease free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approximately 8 micromol/g). Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be upregulated in most of these tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue. (1, 2).

Contaminant Sources

FooDB Chemicals
HMDB Contaminants - Feces
HMDB Contaminants - Urine
HPV EPA Chemicals
OECD HPV Chemicals
STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Animal Toxin
Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-Lactic acid	ChEBI
(R)-(-)-Lactic acid	ChEBI
D-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid	ChEBI
D-2-Hydroxypropionic acid	ChEBI
D-Milchsaeure	ChEBI
LACTIC ACID	ChEBI
D-Lactate	Kegg
(-)-Lactate	Generator
(R)-(-)-Lactate	Generator
D-2-Hydroxypropanoate	Generator
D-2-Hydroxypropionate	Generator
LACTate	Generator
L-Lactate	HMDB
(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoate	HMDB
(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
(R)-2-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
(R)-a-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
(R)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
(R)-Lactate	HMDB
(R)-Lactic acid	HMDB
D-(-)-Lactate	HMDB
D-(-)-Lactic acid	HMDB
delta-(-)-Lactate	HMDB
delta-(-)-Lactic acid	HMDB
delta-2-Hydroxypropanoate	HMDB
delta-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
delta-2-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
delta-2-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
delta-Lactate	HMDB
delta-Lactic acid	HMDB
DLA	HMDB
L-(+)-Lactate	HMDB
Propel	HMDB
Tisulac	HMDB
2 Hydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
2 Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
Ammonium lactate	HMDB
L Lactic acid	HMDB
2-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
Sarcolactic acid	HMDB
D Lactic acid	HMDB
Lactate, ammonium	HMDB
L-Lactic acid	HMDB
D-Lactic acid	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₃H₆O₃

Average Molecular Mass

90.078 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

90.032 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

79-33-4

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Traditional Name

D-lactic acid

SMILES

C[C@H](O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1

InChI Key

JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Hydroxy acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alpha-hydroxy acid
Secondary alcohol
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

2-hydroxypropanoic acid (CHEBI:42111 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Mitochondria

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

All Tissues

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Gluconeogenesis	SMP00128	Not Available
Pyruvate Metabolism	SMP00060	map00620
2-Methyl-3-Hydroxybutryl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	SMP00137	Not Available
Biotinidase Deficiency	SMP00174	Not Available
Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency	SMP00562	Not Available
Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease	SMP00374	Not Available
Glycogenosis, Type IB	SMP00573	Not Available
Glycogenosis, Type IC	SMP00574	Not Available
Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers disease	SMP00555	Not Available
Lactic Acidemia	SMP00313	Not Available
Leigh Syndrome	SMP00196	Not Available
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency	SMP00384	Not Available
Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency (PDHE1 Deficiency)	SMP00334	Not Available
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency	SMP00212	Not Available
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (E2)	SMP00551	Not Available
Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency)	SMP00235	Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	16.8°C
Boiling Point	122°C
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	562 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.79	ALOGPS
logP	-0.47	ChemAxon
logS	0.79	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.78	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3.7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	57.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	18.84 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	8.05 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-0900000000-fb59ec16914501aa19ab	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014j-0900000000-c4d9e12b4b0150eda54b	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00kb-0900000000-fb59ec16914501aa19ab	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-a3691f383d440fb00e1f	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-01b9-9620000000-f7faa7db9c1be3d9d975	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9000000000-704f8ff33156c82a02d1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-000m-9000000000-023931446d9bb3330e7f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-000l-9000000000-0fb29afb128baea2240b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-d7cd347946e49a57860e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-aee01e43e8ee93db755d	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000f-9000000000-581a00222505e9e4b458	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-5bfd9fdf1c0df2054452	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-006x-9000000000-5f417f4a6d08f0ab00ed	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00dm-9000000000-df7a94bb1a9cf6e78e1a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-004j-9000000000-dc2a1b965287b9dfee9c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-c3686a681cc9bbf039e1	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-ddad20647c2ac56efd22	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-b728b45617afcc6b67da	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-b586cb8f053eb4465b4e	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-400a5f1c0dfcc32ef2bb	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0007-9000000000-ad5eb77c7e0a96f3a40a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-00ba25458eb6c0cc2940	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-00ba25458eb6c0cc2940	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-00ba25458eb6c0cc2940	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-002b-9000000000-50213d6b39ef9741c466	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Accumulation of L-lactic acid in the body has been shown to be toxic. At times of lactic acidosis, when excess intracellular lactate is released into the blood, maintenance of electroneutrality of the blood requires that a cation be released into the blood, as well. This can reduce blood pH. Lactate may exert a strong action over GABAergic networks in the developing brain, making them more inhibitory than it was previously assumed, acting either through better support of metabolites, or alterations in base intracellular pH levels, or both. (Wikipedia)

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Not listed by IARC.

Uses/Sources

Not Available

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Chronically high levels of Lactic acid are associated with at least a dozen inborn errors of metabolism including: 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, Biotinidase deficiency, Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease, Glycogenosis, Type IB, Glycogenosis, Type IC, Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers disease, Lactic Acidemia, Leigh Syndrome, Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency).

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB03066

HMDB ID

HMDB0001311

FooDB ID

FDB030146

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

BiGG ID

BioCyc ID

METLIN ID

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

ECMDB ID

References

Synthesis Reference

Lao, Hanzhang; Sun, Jianrong; Wang, Jian; Qian, Zhiliang. Process for preparation of high-purity L-lactic acid. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 9pp.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. Lao, Hanzhang; Sun, Jianrong; Wang, Jian; Qian, Zhiliang. Process for preparation of high-purity L-lactic acid. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 9pp.

2. Faulkner A, Pollock HT: Changes in the concentration of metabolites in milk from cows fed on diets supplemented with soyabean oil or fatty acids. J Dairy Res. 1989 May;56(2):179-83.

3. Hurtaud C, Lemosquet S, Rulquin H: Effect of graded duodenal infusions of glucose on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. 2. Diets based on grass silage. J Dairy Sci. 2000 Dec;83(12):2952-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75195-2.

4. Klein MS, Almstetter MF, Schlamberger G, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Meyer HH, Wiedemann S, Gronwald W: Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based milk metabolomics in dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1539-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2563.

5. Klein MS, Buttchereit N, Miemczyk SP, Immervoll AK, Louis C, Wiedemann S, Junge W, Thaller G, Oefner PJ, Gronwald W: NMR metabolomic analysis of dairy cows reveals milk glycerophosphocholine to phosphocholine ratio as prognostic biomarker for risk of ketosis. J Proteome Res. 2012 Feb 3;11(2):1373-81. doi: 10.1021/pr201017n. Epub 2011 Dec 9.

6. Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.

7. Sundekilde UK, Poulsen NA, Larsen LB, Bertram HC: Nuclear magnetic resonance metabonomics reveals strong association between milk metabolites and somatic cell count in bovine milk. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Jan;96(1):290-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5819. Epub 2012 Nov 22.

8. Sundekilde UK, Gustavsson F, Poulsen NA, Glantz M, Paulsson M, Larsen LB, Bertram HC: Association between the bovine milk metabolome and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Oct;97(10):6076-84. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8304. Epub 2014 Jul 30.

9. Buitenhuis AJ, Sundekilde UK, Poulsen NA, Bertram HC, Larsen LB, Sorensen P: Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of quantitative trait loci for metabolites in Danish Holstein milk. J Dairy Sci. 2013 May;96(5):3285-95. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5914. Epub 2013 Mar 15.