Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:26:38 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:35:46 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM002173
Identification
Common NameOlanzapine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionOlanzapine was the third atypical antipsychotic to gain approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has become one of the most commonly used atypical antipsychotics. Olanzapine has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute mania in bipolar disorder, agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and as maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder and psychotic depression. It has also been established in treating depression off-label because of its mood-stabilizing properties and its ability to increase the efficacy of antidepressants. Olanzapine is manufactured and marketed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company. It is available as a pill that comes in the strengths of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg and as as Zydis orally disintegrating tablets in the strengths of 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg. It is also available as a rapid-acting intramuscular injection for short term acute use. Olanzapine (oh-LAN-za-peen, sold as Zyprexa, Zydis, or in combination with fluoxetine, as Symbyax) was the third atypical antipsychotic to gain approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has become one of the most commonly used atypical antipsychotics. Olanzapine has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute mania in bipolar disorder, agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and as maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder and psychotic depression.
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Antiemetic
  • Antipsychotic Agent
  • Drug
  • Food Toxin
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
OlanzapinaChEBI
OlanzapinumChEBI
ZyprexaChEBI
LanzacHMDB
Zyprexa intramuscularHMDB
Zyprexa zydisHMDB
ZolafrenHMDB
2-Methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno(2,3-b)(1,5)benzodiazepineHMDB
Olanzapine pamoateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC17H20N4S
Average Molecular Mass312.432 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass312.141 g/mol
CAS Registry Number132539-06-1
IUPAC Name5-methyl-8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-thia-2,9-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{3,7}]tetradeca-1(14),3(7),5,8,10,12-hexaene
Traditional Namezyprexa
SMILESCN1CCN(CC1)C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C17H20N4S/c1-12-11-13-16(21-9-7-20(2)8-10-21)18-14-5-3-4-6-15(14)19-17(13)22-12/h3-6,11,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyKVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to either isomers of diazepine(unsaturated seven-member heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms replacing two carbon atoms).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzodiazepines
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentBenzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Thieno-para-diazepine
  • 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophene
  • Para-diazepine
  • N-methylpiperazine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • N-arylated-2-aminothiophene
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Piperazine
  • 2-aminothiophene
  • Benzenoid
  • Imidolactam
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Thiophene
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Amidine
  • Carboxylic acid amidine
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Liver
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point195°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.094 g/LALOGPS
logP3.61ALOGPS
logP3.39ChemAxon
logS-3.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.17ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.24ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area30.87 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity93.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability35.37 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0btd-8090000000-3a1771a0db51f3e9472bSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-03dj-0940000000-1103f40c5bb833e12903Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-03dj-0940000000-37cb2e8fb99c38b097b8Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-0a4i-2790000000-bdc5a34b08715b752eefSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-03di-0009000000-256a6e976b00468fe839Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-03di-0049000000-83ee647255e8d18f2b5cSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-81810b42dccae4ee9ab6Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0bt9-0490000000-8994262c6a309d663713Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-01ot-0950000000-ceb0ca01cefbd1da57d7Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-03di-0149000000-e74851873e2fbaa6c182Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-03dj-0940000000-1103f40c5bb833e12903Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-03dj-0940000000-37cb2e8fb99c38b097b8Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-03di-0149000000-338b982664cf3019be13Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-0a4i-2790000000-bdc5a34b08715b752eefSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-01ot-0950000000-fe416acb0e50253f8d17Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0bt9-0490000000-a203abf5daf6a6c6e069Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-0049000000-4b7427c44443aab6c7a1Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-15b5422aefe3fc372956Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-0009000000-d71ce384c72fd5835dacSpectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-01ot-0950000000-7ba8fbea8f79ae64960dSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-0019000000-66bcbe5560546ebe79aeSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-0097000000-7386f41b122664655390Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03k9-5980000000-82c2110f56cd7202848eSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-03di-0039000000-01aa4f818b0cb4798c0fSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0300-0092000000-cee214399c7899dbbc41Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a6u-2490000000-dec2f8d13b50769ec96eSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureIntramuscular, Oral. Well absorbed, with approximately 40% of the dose metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation.
Mechanism of ToxicityOlanzapine's antipsychotic activity is likely due to a combination of antagonism at D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway and 5HT2A receptors in the frontal cortex. Antagonism at D2 receptors relieves positive symptoms while antagonism at 5HT2A receptors relieves negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Olanzapine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Olanzapine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with olanzapine.
MetabolismHepatic Route of Elimination: It is eliminated extensively by first pass metabolism, with approximately 40% of the dose metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation. Following a single oral dose of 14C labeled olanzapine, 7% of the dose of olanzapine was recovered in the urine as unchanged drug, indicating that olanzapine is highly metabolized. Half Life: 21 to 54 hours
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseDeath has been reported after an acute overdose of 0.45 g, but also survival after an acute overdose of 1500 g. (1)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not listed by IARC.
Uses/SourcesFor the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, as well as acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar 1 disorder. Intramuscular olanzapine is indicated for the rapid control of agitated patients.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsThe principal side effect of olanzapine is weight gain, which may be profound in some cases and/or associated with derangement in the blood lipid and blood sugar profiles. Extrapyramidal side effects, although potentially serious, are infrequent to rare from olanzapine but may include tremors and muscle rigidity. Several patient groups are at a heightened risk of side effects from olanzapine and antipsychotics in general. Olanzapine may produce non-trivial hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Likewise, the elderly are at a greater risk of falls and accidental injury. Young males appear to be at heightened risk of dystonic reactions, although these are relatively rare with olanzapine. Most antipsychotics, including olanzapine, may disrupt the body's natural thermoregulatory systems, thus permitting excursions to dangerous levels when situations (exposure to heat, strenuous exercise) occur. While olanzapine is used therapeutically to treat serious mental illness, occasionally it can have the opposite effect and provoke serious paradoxical reactions in a small subgroup of people, with the drug causing unusual changes in personality, thoughts or behavior; hallucinations and suicidal ideation have also been linked to olanzapine use. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires all atypical antipsychotics to include a warning about the risk of developing hyperglycemia and diabetes, both of which are factors in the metabolic syndrome. These effects may be related to the drugs' ability to induce weight gain, although there are some reports of metabolic changes in the absence of weight gain. Olanzapine has demonstrated carcinogenic effects in multiple studies when exposed chronically to female mice and rats, but not male mice and rats. The tumors found were in either the liver or mammary glands of the animals. Symptoms of an overdose include tachycardia, agitation, dysarthria, decreased consciousness and coma. Death may result from acute overdose. (Wikipedia)
SymptomsSymptoms of an overdose include tachycardia, agitation, dysarthria, decreased consciousness and coma. Death has been reported after an acute overdose of 0.45g, but also survival after an acute overdose of 1500g.
TreatmentIn case of acute overdose, establish and maintain an airway and ensure adequate ventilation, which may include intubation. Induction of emesis is not recommended as the possibility of obtundation, seizures, or dystonic reactions of the head and neck following overdose may create a risk for aspiration. Gastric lavage (after intubation, if patient is unconscious) and administration of activated charcoal together with a laxative should be considered. Cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous electrocardiographic monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. Hypotension and circulatory collapse should be treated with appropriate measures such as intravenous fluids and/or sympathomimetic agents. (13)
Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00334
HMDB IDHMDB0005012
FooDB IDFDB023585
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkOlanzapine
Chemspider ID10442212
ChEBI ID7735
PubChem Compound ID135398745
Kegg Compound IDC07322
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference

Charles Arthur Bunnell, Samuel Dean Larsen, John Richard Nichols, Susan Marie Reutzel, Gregory Alan Stephenson, “Intermediates and process for preparing olanzapine.” U.S. Patent US6020487, issued September, 1996.

MSDSLink
General References
1. Patel, Hiren V.; Ray, Anup K.; Patel, Pramod B.; Patel, Mahendra R. Process of preparation of olanzapine form I. PCT Int. Appl. (2003), 16 pp.
2. Cerdan LF, Guevara MA, Sanz A, Amezcua C, Ramos-Loyo J: Brain electrical activity changes in treatment refractory schizophrenics after olanzapine treatment. Int J Psychophysiol. 2005 Jun;56(3):237-47.
3. Horak EL, Jenkins AJ: Postmortem tissue distribution of olanzapine and citalopram in a drug intoxication. J Forensic Sci. 2005 May;50(3):679-81.
4. Yamada K, Isotani T, Irisawa S, Yoshimura M, Tajika A, Yagyu T, Saito A, Kinoshita T: EEG Global Field Power spectrum changes after a single dose of atypical antipsychotics in healthy volunteers. Brain Topogr. 2004 Summer;16(4):281-5.
5. Mortimer A, Martin S, Loo H, Peuskens J: A double-blind, randomized comparative trial of amisulpride versus olanzapine for 6 months in the treatment of schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Mar;19(2):63-9.
6. Merrick TC, Felo JA, Jenkins AJ: Tissue distribution of olanzapine in a postmortem case. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2001 Sep;22(3):270-4.
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18022155
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18504690
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18792627