ContaminantDB: Succinonitrile

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (39)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-06-22 16:08:29 UTC

Update Date

2026-03-27 01:23:02 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM001466

Identification

Common Name

Succinonitrile

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Succinonitrile is a chemical compound of cyanide.

Contaminant Sources

STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Cyanide Compound
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Nitrile
Organic Compound
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₄H₄N₂

Average Molecular Mass

80.088 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

80.037 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

110-61-2

IUPAC Name

butanedinitrile

Traditional Name

succinonitrile

SMILES

N#CCCC#N

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h1-2H2

InChI Key

IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic nitrogen compounds

Class

Organonitrogen compounds

Sub Class

Organic cyanides

Direct Parent

Nitriles

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Nitrile
Carbonitrile
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

Colorless solid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	54.5°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	127 mg/mL at 20°C [YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003)]

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	9.13 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.75	ALOGPS
logP	-0.28	ChemAxon
logS	-0.94	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	47.58 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	21.5 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	7.97 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0f89-9000000000-1f1226452217990c44a1	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-b45519d7fed485533310	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-d51ee25ade9859301c63	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0udi-9000000000-7ea6d68e26eecaed7c56	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-004i-9000000000-77e815bd983bd930241b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-004i-9000000000-9cbc6684edfb01bdf8b8	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0fb9-9000000000-730ebcf5aaa16f0b388d	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0udi-9000000000-f9c852e0db8eb169bbbc	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (1) ; inhalation (1) ; dermal (1)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (2)

Metabolism

Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (1)

Toxicity Values

LD50: 450 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (3)

Lethal Dose

227 to 300 milligrams for an adult human (cyanide salts). (4)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Not Available

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (1, 2)

Symptoms

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (1, 2)

Treatment

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (2)

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0258544

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Succinonitrile

Chemspider ID

21106481

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

Not Available

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Succinonitrile (CHEM001466)

Structure for CHEM001466: Succinonitrile