ContaminantDB: Tributyltin chloride

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (40)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-06-19 21:58:30 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-05 18:34:36 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM001064

Identification

Common Name

Tributyltin chloride

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Tributyltin chloride is an organotin compound. Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents). They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems. The main toxic component of tributyltins is tin. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide. (3, 5, 4)

Contaminant Sources

HPV EPA Chemicals
OECD HPV Chemicals
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Organic Compound
Organometallic
Pesticide
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound
Tin Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₁₂H₃₀ClSn

Average Molecular Mass

328.530 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

329.106 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

1461-22-9

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

SMILES

[Cl-].[SnH3+].[CH2]CCC.[CH2]CCC.[CH2]CCC

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/3C4H9.ClH.Sn.3H/c3*1-3-4-2;;;;;/h3*1,3-4H2,2H3;1H;;;;/q;;;;+1;;;/p-1

InChI Key

BAFNXUSQQCMQON-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic metal halides. These are organic compounds containing metals and halogens. Some are ionic while others are covalently bonded.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic salts

Class

Organic metal salts

Sub Class

Organic metal halides

Direct Parent

Organic metal halides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Organic metal halide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic chloride salt
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Colorless liquid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	-19°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	0.017 mg/mL at 20°C [BLUNDEN,SJ et al. (1984)]

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.71 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.81	ALOGPS
logP	2.11	ChemAxon
logS	-1.9	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	19.11 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	7.99 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0009000000-847a4e0635888bdd0b3b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-0009000000-847a4e0635888bdd0b3b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-000i-0009000000-847a4e0635888bdd0b3b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0009000000-7862d061fa1ca7ae6dc3	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-0009000000-7862d061fa1ca7ae6dc3	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-000i-0009000000-7862d061fa1ca7ae6dc3	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (4) ; inhalation (4) ; dermal (4)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (4, 1, 2)

Metabolism

Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (4)

Toxicity Values

LD50: 60 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (6)

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents). (3)

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (3, 4)

Symptoms

Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (4)

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

Not Available

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Tributyltin chloride (CHEM001064)

Structure for CHEM001064: Tributyltin chloride