ContaminantDB: Stryker's reagent

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (6)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-06-19 21:58:24 UTC

Update Date

2016-11-09 01:08:25 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM001013

Identification

Common Name

Stryker's reagent

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Stryker's reagent is an organocopper compound and mild hydride source that is used in homogeneous catalysis of conjugate reduction reactions of various compounds. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is an essential elements in plants and animals as it is required for the normal functioning of more than 30 enzymes. It occurs naturally throughout the environment in rocks, soil, water, and air. (4, 5, 8)

Contaminant Sources

T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Copper Compound
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₁₀₈H₉₆Cu₆P₆

Average Molecular Mass

1961.036 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

1956.171 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

33636-93-0

IUPAC Name

hexakis(triphenylphosphane) hexakis(λ¹-copper)

Traditional Name

hexakis(triphenylphosphine) hexakis(λ¹-copper)

SMILES

[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].[CuH].C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/6C18H15P.6Cu.6H/c6*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;;;;;;;;;;;;/h6*1-15H;;;;;;;;;;;;

InChI Key

PYHLOCIDGQNZFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylphosphines and derivatives. Phenylphosphines and derivatives are compounds containing a phenylphosphine, which consists of phosphine substituent bound to a phenyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Phenylphosphines and derivatives

Direct Parent

Phenylphosphines and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Triphenylphosphine
Phenylphosphine
Phosphine
Organic transition metal salt
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic salt
Organophosphorus compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

Blue solid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	5.11	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-8.1	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	18	ChemAxon
Refractivity	81.62 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	28.66 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	18	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	0	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-03di-0000000009-a67be670d7e4dd2fa02c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03di-0000000009-a67be670d7e4dd2fa02c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-03di-0000000009-a67be670d7e4dd2fa02c	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-03di-0000000009-3a06c2a2976717bf939b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-03di-0000000009-3a06c2a2976717bf939b	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-03di-0000000009-3a06c2a2976717bf939b	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (4) ; inhalation (4) ; dermal (4)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (4, 10, 1, 7)

Metabolism

Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (4, 6)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

10 to 20 grams for an adult human (copper salts). (9)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Stryker's reagent is used in homogeneous catalysis of conjugate reduction reactions of various compounds. (8)

Minimum Risk Level

Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (3) Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (3)

Health Effects

People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (5, 6)

Symptoms

Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (5, 6)

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Stryker's reagent

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

12181933

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Stryker's reagent (CHEM001013)

Structure for CHEM001013: Stryker's reagent