| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-06-17 23:53:06 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2016-11-09 01:08:23 UTC |
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| Accession Number | CHEM000865 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Sulfallate |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Sulfallate is a pre-emergence selective herbicide used to control grass weeds in field and pulse crops. It is used selectively to control wild oats, black grass, and annual meadow grass in barley, wheat, peas, lentils, rye, maize, beets, brassicas, carrots, and onions. Thiocarbamates are mainly used in agriculture as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Additional uses are as biocides for industrial or other commercial applications, and in household products. Some are used for vector control in public health. Thiocarbamates are mostly liquids or solids with low melting points. Sulfallate has a possible link to an increased risk of developing cancer in humans. The carcinogenicity of the substance may be influenced by the duration and level of exposure. |
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| Contaminant Sources | - IARC Carcinogens Group 2B
- My Exposome Chemicals
- T3DB toxins
- ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
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| Contaminant Type | - Amine
- Carbamate
- Ester
- Ether
- Herbicide
- Organic Compound
- Organochloride
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Sulfallic acid | Generator | | Sulphallate | Generator | | Sulphallic acid | Generator | | 2-Chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate | MeSH | | Vegadex | MeSH | | CDEC | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C8H14ClNS2 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 223.786 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 223.026 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 95-06-7 |
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| IUPAC Name | N,N-diethyl[(2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]carbothioamide |
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| Traditional Name | sulfallate |
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| SMILES | CCN(CC)C(=S)SCC(Cl)=C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H14ClNS2/c1-4-10(5-2)8(11)12-6-7(3)9/h3-6H2,1-2H3 |
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| InChI Key | XJCLWVXTCRQIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dithiocarbamic acid esters. These are organosulfur compounds with the general formula R3SC(=S)N(R1)R2; R1-R2 = H or organyl group, R3 = organyl. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Dithiocarbamic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Dithiocarbamic acid esters |
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| Direct Parent | Dithiocarbamic acid esters |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Dithiocarbamic acid ester
- Chloroalkene
- Haloalkene
- Sulfenyl compound
- Vinyl halide
- Vinyl chloride
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organosulfur compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organochloride
- Organohalogen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Appearance | Amber liquid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | 129°C at 1.00E+00 mm Hg | | Solubility | 0.1 mg/mL at 25°C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0ab9-1950000000-eb96d9245e7d7e28d627 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-014i-2900000000-60d79ecc6647c5af5dfa | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-06xx-9400000000-ef6b8cf8926ca1b1f078 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-0229-0970000000-dc76779beca717b74ebd | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-06yd-4910000000-a566bb6d029fe44c0a85 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-01sc-9400000000-f98117d84d597455364f | Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-000i-9600000000-8dfdfc1dcfd87a24d6d1 | Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Inhalation (1) ; oral (1); dermal (1) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | The metabolic products of triallate, diallate and sulfallate appear to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. In particular, the 2-chloro-allyl group is responsible for the mutagenicity of these herbicides. These metabolites likely bind to or disrupt DNA causes base-pair subsitutions. Diallate has been shown to be a carcinogen in mice. Some thiocarbamates (EPTC, Molinate, Pebulate, and Cycloate) share a common mechanism of toxicity, i.e. the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
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| Metabolism | As a general rule, thiocarbamates can be absorbed via the skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. They are eliminated quite rapidly, mainly via expired air and urine. Two major pathways exist for the metabolism of thiocarbamates in mammals. One is via sulfoxidation and conjugation with glutathione. The conjugation product is then cleaved to a cysteine derivative, which is metabolized to a mercapturic acid compound. The second route is oxidation of the sulfur to a sulfoxide, which is then oxidized to a sulfone, or hydroxylation to compounds that enter the carbon metabolic pool. |
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| Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (3) |
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| Uses/Sources | Thiocarbamates are widely used throughout the world and are produced in great quantities, mainly as herbicides and fungicides. |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Sulfallate is mutagenic. Data concerning the effects of thiocarbamates on man are scarce. However, cases of irritation and sensitization have been observed among agricultural workers. Some thiocarbamates, e.g., molinate, have an effect on sperm morphology and, consequently, on reproduction. However, no teratogenic effects have been observed. The results of mutagenicity studies have shown that thiocarbamates containing dichloroallyl groups are highly mutagenic. Some thiocarbamates are acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. |
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| Symptoms | As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (2) |
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| Treatment | For acute exposures and first aid: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
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| Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| Chemspider ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | Not Available |
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| Kegg Compound ID | C19096 |
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| YMDB ID | Not Available |
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| ECMDB ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| General References | Not Available |
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