Fluorene (CHEM000555)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesTargets (3)XML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-03-06 18:59:15 UTC
Update Date2026-03-31 19:20:42 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM000555
Identification
Common NameFluorene
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionFluorene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (4)
Contaminant Sources
  • Clean Air Act Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • IARC Carcinogens Group 3
  • My Exposome Chemicals
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • Suspected Compounds – Schymanski Project
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Food Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Pollutant
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
2,2'-MethylenebiphenylChEBI
DiphenylenemethaneChEBI
FluorenChEBI
O-BiphenylenemethaneChEBI
9H-FluoreneMeSH
Chemical FormulaC13H10
Average Molecular Mass166.219 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass166.078 g/mol
CAS Registry Number86-73-7
IUPAC Name9H-fluorene
Traditional Namefluorene
SMILESC1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C12
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2
InChI KeyNIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fluorenes. Fluorenes are compounds containing a fluorene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings connected through either a cyclopentane, cyclopentene, or cyclopenta-1,3-diene.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassFluorenes
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentFluorenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Fluorene
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Polycyclic hydrocarbon
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Hydrocarbon
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceColorless solid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point114.8°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility0.00169 mg/mL at 25°C [MAY,WE & WASIK,SP (1978)]
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0025 g/LALOGPS
logP4.26ALOGPS
logP3.74ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)17.79ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity54.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability19.36 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-414d90e37e3c270691c3Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-203b20b4d31ba9aca587Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-5f17502f09603dc7a78eSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-f08fe46d4a9ad2b24022Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-de0db3944240f5866c12Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-de0db3944240f5866c12Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-857e720db23a2ed02fe3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-c692fb05e504a5da303aSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-c692fb05e504a5da303aSpectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-6814ba42667271ea8c49Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-efb20e965011221811a3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-efb20e965011221811a3Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014i-0900000000-a2128c1776dcef37b8fbSpectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-014i-2900000000-938a764039eee925fc51Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableSpectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (4) ; inhalation (4)
Mechanism of ToxicityThe ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (4, 5, 2, 3)
MetabolismPAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (4)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (6)
Uses/SourcesPAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and vocanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (4)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsPAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (4)
SymptomsAcute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (1)
TreatmentThere is no know antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (4)
Concentrations
StatusValueUnitSample LocationReference
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB007671
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDFLUORENE
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFluorene
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28266
PubChem Compound ID6853
Kegg Compound IDC07715
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDM2MDB004775
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15120562
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17285163