| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-03-06 18:58:20 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2016-11-09 01:08:11 UTC |
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| Accession Number | CHEM000202 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Actinium-227 |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Ac and atomic number 89. Actinium-227 is the naturally occurring radioactive isotope of actinium and has a half-life of 21.772 years. Actinium-227 is also produced in milligram amounts by the neutron irradiation of 226Ra in nuclear reactors. Actinium-227 is an alpha and beta emitter. It is extremely radioactive, and is even more dangerous than plutonium. Ingesting even small amounts would be fatal. (1) |
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| Contaminant Sources | |
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| Contaminant Type | - Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Metal
- Natural Compound
- Pollutant
- Radioactive
- Radioactive Isotope
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | Not Available |
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| Chemical Formula | Ac |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 227.028 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 227.028 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 14952-40-0 |
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| IUPAC Name | (²²⁷Ac)actinium |
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| Traditional Name | (²²⁷Ac)actinium |
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| SMILES | [227Ac] |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/Ac/i1+0 |
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| InChI Key | QQINRWTZWGJFDB-IGMARMGPSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous actinide compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous metal compounds |
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| Class | Homogeneous actinide compounds |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Homogeneous actinide compounds |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | Actinium is a silvery solid metal. Due to its intense radioactivity, actinium glows in the dark with a pale blue light. (1) |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | 1323°K (1050°C, 1922°F) | | Boiling Point | 3471°K (3198 °C, 5788 °F) | | Solubility | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-004i-0090000000-44a8c09b2316eedf36b3 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-004i-0090000000-44a8c09b2316eedf36b3 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-004i-0090000000-44a8c09b2316eedf36b3 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-004i-0090000000-707ab2bd72306b354580 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-004i-0090000000-707ab2bd72306b354580 | Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-004i-0090000000-707ab2bd72306b354580 | Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (2) ; Inhalation (2) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | The ionizing radiation produced by actinium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (2) |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Internalized radionuclides that emit α or β particles are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) (4). Actinium-227 undergoes alpha and beta decay. |
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| Uses/Sources | Actinium's radioactivity make it a valuable as a neutron source for energy. (1) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Actinium is extremely radioactive and thus poses a dangerous cancer risk. It can also cause acute radiation syndrome. (1) |
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| Symptoms | Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (2, 3) |
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| Treatment | Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (3) |
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| Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Isotopes of actinium |
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| Chemspider ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 105152 |
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| Kegg Compound ID | Not Available |
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| YMDB ID | Not Available |
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| ECMDB ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| General References | Not Available |
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