ContaminantDB: Strontium-90

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Targets (1)XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:58:07 UTC

Update Date

2016-11-09 01:08:10 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000110

Identification

Common Name

Strontium-90

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Strontium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, dust, coal, and oil. Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium (Sr) with a half-life of 28.8 years. Strontium-90 is a product of nuclear fission and is obtained during nuclear reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and is a beta-emitter. Strontium 90 is extensively used in medicine and industry. Strontium-90 is a radioactivity hazard and is linked to cancers. (2, 4)

Contaminant Sources

IARC Carcinogens General
IARC Carcinogens Group 1
T3DB toxins

Contaminant Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Metal
Natural Compound
Pollutant
Radioactive
Radioactive Isotope
Strontium Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
90Sr Radioisotope	MeSH
SR-90 Radioisotope	MeSH
Radioisotopes, strontium	MeSH
Strontium radioisotopes	MeSH

Chemical Formula

Average Molecular Mass

89.908 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

89.908 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

10098-97-2

IUPAC Name

(⁹⁰Sr)strontium

Traditional Name

(⁹⁰Sr)strontium

SMILES

[90Sr]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Sr/i1+2

InChI Key

CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-NJFSPNSNSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkaline earth metal atom.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous metal compounds

Class

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	0 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.78 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-bbbb0a7145915cdb57ba	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-bbbb0a7145915cdb57ba	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-bbbb0a7145915cdb57ba	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-1a62eef0a27c7459c31a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-1a62eef0a27c7459c31a	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-1a62eef0a27c7459c31a	Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (2)

Mechanism of Toxicity

The fact that strontium is chemically similar to calcium allows it to exchange for calcium in bone. It affects bone development and strength by binding directly to hydroxyapatite crystals, which interferes with the normal crystalline structure of bone. Strontium can also interact with secondary cell messenger systems and transporter systems that normally use calcium. It is thought to bind to the calcium receptor of the parathyroid gland, thereby suppressing parathyroid hormone levels, preventing vitamin D3 activiation, and reducing calcium absorption. The ionizing radiation produced by strontium-90 causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Strontium's ability to mimick calcium makes bone cancer a particular risk. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (3, 4)

Metabolism

The radioactivity of strontium-90 allow it to penetrate the body following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Strontium-90 exhibits biochemical behavior similar to calcium. After entering the organism, about 70-80% of the dose is excreted. Virtually all remaining strontium-90 is deposited in bones and bone marrow, with the remaining 1% remaining in blood and soft tissues. The metabolism of strontium consists of binding interactions with proteins and, based on its similarity to calcium, probably complex formation with various inorganic anions such as carbonate and phosphate, and carboxylic acids such as citrate and lactate. Strontium-90 is eliminated mainly in the urine and faeces. (2)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

1, carcinogenic to humans. (6)

Uses/Sources

Strontium-90 is widely used in medicine and industry, as a radioactive source for thickness gauges, and for superficial radiotherapy of some cancers. Being cheaper than the alternative 238Pu, it is used as a heat source in many Russian and Soviet radioisotope thermoelectric generators. It is also used as a radioactive tracer in medicine and agriculture. (2)

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Oral: 2 mg/kg/day (1)

Health Effects

High levels of radioactive strontium can damage bone marrow, cause anemia and prevent the blood from clotting properly. Strontium-90 present in bones could cause bone cancer, cancer of nearby tissues, and leukemia. (2, 4)

Symptoms

High levels of radioactive strontium can damage bone marrow, cause anemia and prevent the blood from clotting properly. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (3, 5, 4)

Treatment

Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (5)

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Strontium-90

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

5486204

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Not Available

Strontium-90 (CHEM000110)

Structure for CHEM000110: Strontium-90