5041
T3D4982
Dexamethasone
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. [PubChem]
50-02-2
5743
C22H29FO5
170-229 °C
89 mg/L (at 25 °C)
80-90%
Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex binds to DNA elements (glucocorticoid response elements) which results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Hepatic.
Oral, rat LD<sub>50</sub>: >3 gm/kg. Signs of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, aseptic bone necrosis, osteoporosis, myopathies, obesity, edemas, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetes, sleep disturbances, psychiatric syndromes, delayed wound healing, atrophy and fragility of the skin, ecchymosis, and pseudotumor cerebri.
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
<B>Injection:</B> for the treatment of endocrine disorders, rheumatic D=disorders, collagen diseases, dermatologic diseases, allergic statesc, ophthalmic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, hematologic disorders, neoplastic diseases, edematous states, cerebral edema.
<br><B>Ophthalmic ointment and solution:</B> for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe.
<br><B>Ophthalmic solution only:</B> for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus
<br><B>Topic cream:</B> for relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
<br><B>Oral aerosol:</B> for the treatment of bronchial asthma and related corticosteroid responsive bronchospastic states intractable to adequate trial of conventional therapy
<br><B>Intranasal aerosol:</B> for the treatment of allergic ot inflammatory nasal conditions, and nasal polyps
2014-10-14T21:18:42Z
2016-10-28T10:04:08Z
Dexamethasone
C15643
41879
D003907
DB01234
DEX
true
[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C
C22H29FO5
InChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1
UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N
392.4611
392.199902243
Endogenous
Solid
1.83
HMDB15364
CHEMBL384467
5541
<p>Fried, J.; US. Patent 2,852.51 1; September 16, 1958; assigned to Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation.<br />
Muller, G., Bardoneschi, R. and Jolly, J.; U.S. Patent 3,007,923; November 7, 1961; assigned to Les Laboratories Francais de Chimiotherapie, France.</p>
CHEM003936