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Cytarabine (CHEM003932)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesTargets (3)XML
Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-10-14 21:16:36 UTC
Update Date2016-10-28 10:04:08 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003932
Identification
Common NameCytarabine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionA pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • Suspected Compounds - Waste Water
  • Suspected Compounds – Schymanski Project
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Antimetabolite, Antineoplastic
  • Antiviral Agent
  • Drug
  • Immunosuppressive Agent
  • Metabolite
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-beta-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineChEBI
4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneChEBI
Ara-CChEBI
ArabinocytosineChEBI
Arabinoside CChEBI
CitarabinaChEBI
CytarabinumChEBI
Cytosine arabinosideChEBI
Cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosideChEBI
Cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranosideChEBI
DepocytKegg
1-b-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineGenerator
1-Β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosineGenerator
4-Amino-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneGenerator
4-Amino-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneGenerator
Cytosine-1-b-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-1-β-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)cytosineHMDB
1-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta -D-ArabinofaranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta -D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinoneHMDB
1-beta -D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-ArabinofaranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinoneHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-cytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine, cytosine arabinosideHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinosyl-cytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
1beta -ArabinofuranasylcytosineHMDB
1beta -D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1beta -D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
1beta-ArabinofuranasylcytosineHMDB
1beta-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1- -D-arabinofuranosylHMDB
4-Amino-1-arabinofuranosyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidinHMDB
4-Amino-1-arabinofuranosyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidineHMDB
4-Amino-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinoneHMDB
4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-oneHMDB
AlexanHMDB
ArabinocytidineHMDB
ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
ArabitinHMDB
AraCHMDB
AracytidineHMDB
AracytinHMDB
AracytineHMDB
ArafcytHMDB
beta -ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta -Cytosine arabinosideHMDB
beta -D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta-Ara cHMDB
beta-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta-Cytosine arabinosideHMDB
beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
CytarabinHMDB
CytarabinaHMDB
Cytarabine liposome injectionHMDB
CytarabinosideHMDB
CytonalHMDB
CytosarHMDB
Cytosar-uHMDB
Cytosine 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine arabinoseHMDB
Cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine beta-D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine, beta -D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine, beta-D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside hydrochlorideHMDB
Cytosine-beta -arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine-beta -D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine-beta-arabinosideHMDB
CytosinearabinosideHMDB
DepocyteHMDB
ErpalfaHMDB
IretinHMDB
SpongocytidineHMDB
TarabineHMDB
UdicilHMDB
Arabinoside, cytosineHMDB
CytosarUHMDB
Hydrochloride, cytarabineHMDB
Cytarabine hydrochlorideHMDB
Cytosar uHMDB
Ara CHMDB
beta Ara CHMDB
CytarabineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC9H13N3O5
Average Molecular Mass243.217 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass243.086 g/mol
CAS Registry Number147-94-4
IUPAC Name4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
Traditional Namecytarabine
SMILESNC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7+,8-/m1/s1
InChI KeyUHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPyrimidine nucleosides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPyrimidine nucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrimidine nucleoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Monosaccharide
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point186-188
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityFreely soluble
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility43.8 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.2ALOGPS
logP-2.8ChemAxon
logS-0.74ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.55ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.062ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area128.61 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity54.54 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.53 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSsplash10-08ml-9320000000-b032ad2c3dbed3face55View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0fuu-3934200000-7c3baaaffddf6aacd0f3View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-0zfr-2951000000-7baf0e1ea8b1a34362e2View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0g4j-2980000000-9337623aef7fec22dd97View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSsplash10-0zfr-2951000000-7baf0e1ea8b1a34362e2View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSsplash10-0g4j-2980000000-9337623aef7fec22dd97View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0006-0190000000-eff861edb69ddab2c195View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-4b5b14f0a5467db173b6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-3900000000-d85ae6c771dd9206c4c2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-06sl-9600000000-b154ca170372bcbf8a4aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-00lu-9200000000-840df44a2d1149f4a7f7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-01ox-0790000000-270551529aa609aa9ce8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-855a7f8775ed4351b290View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-50671582f88f6b4d8ceeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-1900000000-54269291900f80d353c3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-03di-7900000000-ae3ff52581cbe6141064View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-9f3ae8e87da22e4e2e82View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-0910000000-9575881412c4c94a7eaeView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-5900000000-2cb5f7e3dbd7baa35b56View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03dj-9600000000-7d281b2b2d57c8786e11View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-01ox-0960000000-db9207082a1fabf42daeView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-03xs-4910000000-c89de30dd376cbcb3b66View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00kf-9200000000-5715839499753b91f845View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureLess than 20% of the orally administered dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Mechanism of ToxicityCytarabine acts through direct DNA damage and incorporation into DNA. Cytarabine is cytotoxic to a wide variety of proliferating mammalian cells in culture. It exhibits cell phase specificity, primarily killing cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and under certain conditions blocking the progression of cells from the G1 phase to the S-phase. Although the mechanism of action is not completely understood, it appears that cytarabine acts through the inhibition of DNA polymerase. A limited, but significant, incorporation of cytarabine into both DNA and RNA has also been reported.
MetabolismHepatic.
Toxicity ValuesCytarabine syndrome may develop - it is characterized by fever, myalgia, bone pain, occasionally chest pain, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, and malaise.
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor the treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
StatusValueUnitSample LocationReference
Not Detected
DrugBank IDDB00987
HMDB IDHMDB0015122
FooDB IDFDB001216
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCytarabine
Chemspider ID6017
ChEBI ID28680
PubChem Compound ID6253
Kegg Compound IDC02961
YMDB IDYMDB00051
ECMDB IDECMDB00089
References
Synthesis Reference

Michael Kluge, Herbert Schott, “Cytarabine derivatives, the preparation and use thereof.” U.S. Patent US5641758, issued August, 1992.

MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Qu, Guirong; Yang, Xining; Shen, Yanhong; Dong, Chunhong; Guo, Haiming; Wang, Xiuqiang; Wang, Dongchao. Synthesis of cytidine. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 11pp.
2. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386
3. A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)
4. Zaky DA, Betts RF, Douglas RG Jr, Bengali K, Neil GL: Varicella-zoster virus and subcutaneous cytarabine: correlation of in vitro sensitivities to blood levels. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975 Mar;7(3):229-32.
5. Relling MV, Mulhern RK, Fairclough D, Baker D, Pui CH: Chlorpromazine with and without lorazepam as antiemetic therapy in children receiving uniform chemotherapy. J Pediatr. 1993 Nov;123(5):811-6.
6. Mallick KS, Hajek AS, Parrish RK 2nd: Fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytarabine (ara-C) inhibition of corneal epithelial cell and conjunctival fibroblast proliferation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Sep;103(9):1398-402.
7. Bursztyn J, Boccara JF, Paillassou B, Bavoux F: [Corneal toxicity of cytarabine. Apropos of a case]. Ophtalmologie. 1989 Jun-Aug;3(3):229-30.
8. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15492802