4808 Spironolactone A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827) 52-01-7 5833 C24H32O4S White powder. 134.5°C 22 mg/L (at 25°C) Fairly rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Food increases the bioavailability of unmetabolized spironolactone by almost 100%. Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium is retained. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given alone or with other diuretic agents which act more proximally in the renal tubule. Aldosterone interacts with a cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptor to enhance the expression of the Na+, K+-ATPase and the Na+ channel involved in a Na+ K+ transport in the distal tubule . Spironolactone bind to this mineralcorticoid receptor, blocking the actions of aldosterone on gene expression. Aldosterone is a hormone; its primary function is to retain sodium and excrete potassium in the kidneys. Rapidly and extensively metabolized. The metabolic pathway of spironolactone is complex and can be divided into two main routes: those in which the sulfur moiety is retained and those in which the sulfur moiety is removed by dethioacetylation. Spironolactone is transformed to a reactive metabolite that can inactivate adrenal and testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes. It also has anti-androgenic activity. Route of Elimination: The metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and secondarily in bile. Half Life: 10 minutes The oral LD₅₀ of spironolactone is greater than 1,000 mg/kg in mice, rats, and rabbits. 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135) Used primarily to treat low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome. Acute overdosage of spironolactone may be manifested by drowsiness, mental confusion, maculopapular or erythematous rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or diarrhea. Spironolactone has been shown to be a tumorigen in chronic toxicity studies in rats. 2014-09-11T05:14:55Z 2026-03-26T18:31:18Z Spironolactone C07310 9241 DB00421 SNL true [H][C@@]12CC[C@@]3(CCC(=O)O3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@@]([H])(CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C)SC(C)=O C24H32O4S InChI=1S/C24H32O4S/c1-14(25)29-19-13-15-12-16(26)4-8-22(15,2)17-5-9-23(3)18(21(17)19)6-10-24(23)11-7-20(27)28-24/h12,17-19,21H,4-11,13H2,1-3H3/t17-,18-,19+,21+,22-,23-,24+/m0/s1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 416.573 416.202130202 Exogenous Solid 2.78 HMDB14565 CHEMBL1393 5628 <p>Giuseppe Bernini, &#8220;Process for preparing micronized spironolactone.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4332721, issued July, 1975.</p> CHEM003710 DTXSID6034186 NS00000424 (1'S,2R,2'R,9'R,10'R,11'S,15'S)-9'-(acetylsulfanyl)-2',15'-dimethylspiro[oxolane-2,14'-tetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan]-6'-ene-5,5'-dione