4463 T3D4409 Xanthine Xanthine is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed.). 69-89-6 1188 C5H4N4O2 White powder. > 300°C 0.069 mg/mL at 16°C; 9.5 mg/mL (sodium salt) Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact) Xanthine is a poorly soluble compound. As a result high concentrations of serum xanthine can lead to the formation of kidney stones (xanthine kidney stones) which can, over the long term, induce kidney failure. Xanthine is readily converted to uric acid. The enzyme xanthine oxidase makes uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine, which in turn are produced from other purines. In humans and higher primates, uric acid is the final oxidation (breakdown) product of purine metabolism and is excreted in urine. No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Naturally produced by the body (endogenous). Chronically high concentrations of xanthine can lead to health problems such as renal failure and xanthine kidney stones, one of the rarest types of kidney stones. Chronically high levels of xanthine are associated with at least 4 inborn errors of metabolism including: Xanthinuria type I, Xanthuria type II, Molybdenium Cofactor Deficiency, and Xanthinuria. May lead to arthropathy, myopathy, crystal nephropathy, urolithiasis, or renal failure. Chronic Exposure: Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of xanthine toxicity until normal kidney function can be restored. Acute Exposure: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. 2014-08-29T06:51:04Z 2026-05-14T17:28:44Z Xanthine C00385 17712 XANTHINE DB02134 XAN true O=C1NC2=C(NC=N2)C(=O)N1 C5H4N4O2 InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11) LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 152.1109 152.033425392 Endogenous Solid -0.73 HMDB00292 CHEMBL1424 1151 <p>John P. Zikakis, &#8220;Preparation of high purity xanthine oxidase from bovine milk.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4172763, issued October 30, 1979.</p> CHEM003369 DTXSID4035120 NS00001219 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione 86.88 36.9219 12.702109770186718 0 3 3 7.954237880526347 -0.7029128013721097 0 2 -0.65 -1.49 4.91e+00 g/l