4379 T3D4325 Pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed.) Biological Source: Intermediate in primary metabolism including fermentation processes. Present in muscle in redox equilibrium with Lactic acid. A common constituent, as a chiral cyclic acetal linked to saccharide residues, of bacterial polysaccharides. Isolated from cane sugar fermentation broth and peppermint. Constituent of Bauhinia purpurea, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Delonix regia, Pisum sativum (pea) and Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) Use/Importance: Reagent for regeneration of carbonyl compdounds from semicarbazones, phenylhydrazones and oximes. 127-17-3 1060 C3H4O3 13.8°C 54°C at 1.00E+01 mm Hg 1E+006 mg/L (at 20°C) Pyruvate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract from whence it is transported to the liver via the portal circulation. Pyruvate serves as a biological fuel by being converted to acetyl coenzyme A, which enters the tricarboxylic acid or Krebs cycle where it is metabolized to produce ATP aerobically. Energy can also be obtained anaerobically from pyruvate via its conversion to lactate. Pyruvate injections or perfusions increase contractile function of hearts when metabolizing glucose or fatty acids. This inotropic effect is striking in hearts stunned by ischemia/reperfusion. The inotropic effect of pyruvate requires intracoronary infusion. Among possible mechanisms for this effect are increased generation of ATP and an increase in ATP phosphorylation potential. Another is activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, promoting its own oxidation by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inactivated in ischemia myocardium. Yet another is reduction of cytosolic inorganic phosphate concentration. Pyruvate, as an antioxidant, is known to scavenge such reactive oxygen species as hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. Indirectly, supraphysiological levels of pyruvate may increase cellular reduced glutathione. In the liver, pyruvate is metabolized via several pathways. No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance 2014-08-29T06:27:15Z 2026-05-14T16:24:02Z Pyruvic_acid C00022 32816 PYRUVATE DB00119 PYR true CC(=O)C(O)=O C3H4O3 InChI=1S/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6) LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.0621 88.016043994 Endogenous Liquid -0.5 HMDB00243 CHEMBL1162144 1031 <p>Tadamitsu Kiyoura, &#8220;Process for producing salts of pyruvic acid.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4242525, issued December, 1965.</p> CHEM003285 DTXSID2021650 Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung Langenau SI00003849 NS00013170 2-oxopropanoic acid 54.37 17.9897 7.310505872988212 1 3 1 2.93012330309767 -9.583170381128017 -1 0 -0.38 0.18 1.34e+02 g/l