4010 Cotinine Quantitatively, the most important metabolite of nicotine in most mammalian species is cotinine. In humans, about 70 to 80% of nicotine is converted to cotinine. This transformation involves two steps. The first is mediated by a cytochrome P450 system (mainly CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to produce nicotine iminium ion. The second step is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX). A number of cotinine metabolites have also been structurally characterized. Indeed, it appears that most of the reported urinary metabolites of nicotine are derived from cotinine. 486-56-6 408 C10H12N2O White powder. 41°C Inhalation Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine. Cotinine has an in vivo half-life of approximately 20 hours, and is typically detectable for several days (up to one week) after the use of tobacco. The level of cotinine in the blood is proportionate to the amount of exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is a valuable indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, including secondary (passive) smoke. People who smoke menthol cigarettes may retain cotinine in the blood for a longer period because menthol can compete with enzymatic metabolism of cotinine. (Wikipedia) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Cotinine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also a metabolite of nicotine. (Wikipedia) Similarly to nicotine, cotinine binds to, activates, and desensitizes neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, though at much lower potency in comparison. It has demonstrated nootropic and antipsychotic-like effects in animal models. Direct administration of high levels of cotinine resulted in no significant physiologic, subjective, or performance effects. (Wikipedia) 2014-08-29T04:47:10Z 2026-03-31T18:51:03Z Cotinine 127762 CPD-2742 true CN1C(CCC1=O)C1=CN=CC=C1 C10H12N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c1-12-9(4-5-10(12)13)8-3-2-6-11-7-8/h2-3,6-7,9H,4-5H2,1H3 UIKROCXWUNQSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 176.2151 176.094963016 Endogenous Solid 0.07 HMDB01046 CHEMBL664 395 Rolf, David; Goon, David J. W.; Michelson, Robert H. Preparation of cotinine by reacting nicotine with bromide and bromate. U.S. (1997), 5 pp. CHEM002916 DTXSID1047576 NS00010263 33.2 49.2805 18.57458933125395 1 2 0 4.789340020074378 0 2 0.39 -0.18 1.17e+02 g/l