3834 Paxilline Tremorgenic agent from Penicillium paxilli, Acremonium lorii, Emericella foveolata, Emericella desertorum and Emericella striata Paxilline is a potassium channel blocker. Paxilline is a toxic, tremorgenic indole alkaloid produced by Penicillium paxilli. Paxilline belongs to the family of Diterpenes. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units. 57186-25-1 4697 C27H33NO4 White powder. 252°C Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. In addition, paxilline inhibits presynaptic high-conductance Ca+2 activated maxi-K+ channels in the smooth muscle. Paxilline is also genotoxic and causes DNA damage. (A2976, A2993, A3026) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Paxilline is a tremorgenic mycotoxin that has been found in fungus Penicillium paxilli. It may be found in contaminated cereal crops such as oats, barley, millet, corn and rice. (A2976, A3082) Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome". (A2976) Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity, inducing neurologic symptoms including mental confusion, paralysis, tremors, seizures, and death. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome", which is characterized by muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, convulsions and ataxia. (A2976) To control severe tremors caused by tremorgenic mycotoxins, methocarbamol should be administered. Generalized seizures may be treated with diazepam followed by methocarbamol or a barbiturate such as pentobarbital sodium. Gastric lavage should be performed and activated charcoal administered to limit further absorption of toxins. (A744) 2010-06-10T15:41:05Z 2026-03-31T19:04:18Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxilline C13782 true CC(C)(O)C1OC2CCC3(C)C4(C)C(CC5=C4NC4=CC=CC=C54)CCC3(O)C2=CC1=O C27H33NO4 InChI=1S/C27H33NO4/c1-24(2,30)23-20(29)14-18-21(32-23)10-11-25(3)26(4)15(9-12-27(18,25)31)13-17-16-7-5-6-8-19(16)28-22(17)26/h5-8,14-15,21,23,28,30-31H,9-13H2,1-4H3 ACNHBCIZLNNLRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 435.5552 435.240958549 Exogenous Solid HMDB30323 4535 CHEM002744 NS00010358 11-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxa-23-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁶,²⁴.0¹⁷,²²]tetracosa-9,16(24),17,19,21-pentaen-8-one