3828 Secalonic Acid D Secalonic acid D (SAD) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Pencillium oxalicum, which is a common contaminant in corn and other grains. Secalonic acid D is a human teratogen that induces cleft palate. (A3088) 35287-69-5 73431 C32H30O14 White powder. Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) Secalonic acid D (SAD) is though to induce cleft palate by causing the formation of smaller palatal shelves that fail to elevate and fuse. This inhibited palatal shelf growth is a result of the of SAD causing reduced proliferation of embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. SAD binds to and phosphorylates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor required for the expression of numerous genes including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene. The phosphorylation of CREB by SAD prevents it from forming the necessary transcription factor-cAMP response element complex at transcription start sites, so these genes are not expressed. This leads to reduced palatal mesenchymal cell number causing reduced palatal shelf growth and thus cleft palate. (A3088, A3089, A3090) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Secalonic acid D (SAD) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Pencillium oxalicum, which is a common contaminant in corn and other grains. (A3088) Secalonic acid D is a human teratogen that induces cleft palate. (A3088) Cleft palate is a congenital deformity characterized by a gap on the roof of the mouth that is present at birth. (A3090) Cleft palate can be treated with corrective surgery. (A3090) 2010-05-26T16:48:09Z 2026-04-06T12:47:13Z true COC(=O)C12OC3=C(C(O)=C(C=C3)C3=C(O)C4=C(OC5(C(O)C(C)CC(=O)C5=C4O)C(=O)OC)C=C3)C(O)=C1C(=O)CC(C)C2O C32H30O14 InChI=1S/C32H30O14/c1-11-9-15(33)21-25(37)19-17(45-31(21,27(11)39)29(41)43-3)7-5-13(23(19)35)14-6-8-18-20(24(14)36)26(38)22-16(34)10-12(2)28(40)32(22,46-18)30(42)44-4/h5-8,11-12,27-28,35-40H,9-10H2,1-4H3 NFZJAYYORNVZNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 638.5722 638.163555668 Exogenous Solid CHEM002738 NS00124568 226.57999999999993 156.50020000000004 63.29051136509944 5 12 6 5.57216632943589 -3.4941477970010704 -2 6 1.62 -3.36 2.81e-01 g/l