<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <id type="integer">3797</id>
  <title>T3D3743</title>
  <common-name>Fumitremorgin B</common-name>
  <description>Fumitremorgin B is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus caespitosus, Penicillium lanosum and Penicillium piscarium. Fumitremorgin B is isolated from A. fumigatus infected rice and misoFumitremorgin b belongs to the family of Indoles. These are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole.</description>
  <cas>12626-17-4</cas>
  <pubchem-id>628311</pubchem-id>
  <chemical-formula>C27H33N3O5</chemical-formula>
  <weight nil="true"/>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <melting-point>211 - 212°C</melting-point>
  <boiling-point nil="true"/>
  <density nil="true"/>
  <solubility nil="true"/>
  <specific-gravity nil="true"/>
  <flash-point nil="true"/>
  <vapour-pressure nil="true"/>
  <route-of-exposure>Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101)</route-of-exposure>
  <target nil="true"/>
  <mechanism-of-toxicity>Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. (A2974, A2975, A2976)
</mechanism-of-toxicity>
  <metabolism nil="true"/>
  <toxicity nil="true"/>
  <lethaldose nil="true"/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use-source>Fumitremorgin B is a mycotoxin that has been found in the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. (A3024)</use-source>
  <min-risk-level nil="true"/>
  <health-effects>Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome". Fumitremorgin B is also genotoxic and causes DNA damage. (A2976, A3026)
</health-effects>
  <symptoms>Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity, inducing neurologic symptoms including mental confusion, paralysis, tremors, seizures, and death. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome", which is characterized by muscle tremors and hyperexcitability. (A2976) 
</symptoms>
  <treatment>To control severe tremors caused by tremorgenic mycotoxins, methocarbamol should be administered. Generalized seizures may be treated with diazepam followed by methocarbamol or a barbiturate such as pentobarbital sodium. Gastric lavage should be performed and activated charcoal administered to limit further absorption of toxins. (A744)</treatment>
  <created-at type="dateTime">2010-05-10T14:51:52Z</created-at>
  <updated-at type="dateTime">2026-04-06T13:35:08Z</updated-at>
  <interacting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <wikipedia nil="true"/>
  <uniprot-id nil="true"/>
  <kegg-compound-id nil="true"/>
  <omim-id nil="true"/>
  <chebi-id nil="true"/>
  <biocyc-id nil="true"/>
  <ctd-id nil="true"/>
  <stitch-id nil="true"/>
  <drugbank-id nil="true"/>
  <pdb-id nil="true"/>
  <actor-id nil="true"/>
  <organism nil="true"/>
  <export type="boolean">true</export>
  <metabolizing-proteins nil="true"/>
  <transporting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <moldb-smiles>COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C1=C(C(C=C(C)C)N3C(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C3(O)C1O)N2CC=C(C)C</moldb-smiles>
  <moldb-formula>C27H33N3O5</moldb-formula>
  <moldb-inchi>InChI=1S/C27H33N3O5/c1-15(2)10-12-28-20-14-17(35-5)8-9-18(20)22-23(28)21(13-16(3)4)30-25(32)19-7-6-11-29(19)26(33)27(30,34)24(22)31/h8-10,13-14,19,21,24,31,34H,6-7,11-12H2,1-5H3</moldb-inchi>
  <moldb-inchikey>WEIYXEFMCIRZHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</moldb-inchikey>
  <moldb-average-mass type="decimal">479.568</moldb-average-mass>
  <moldb-mono-mass type="decimal">479.242021181</moldb-mono-mass>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <logp nil="true"/>
  <hmdb-id>HMDB30203</hmdb-id>
  <chembl-id nil="true"/>
  <chemspider-id>545701</chemspider-id>
  <structure-image-file-name nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-content-type nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-file-size type="integer" nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-updated-at type="dateTime" nil="true"/>
  <biodb-id nil="true"/>
  <synthesis-reference nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-caption nil="true"/>
  <chemdb-id>CHEM002711</chemdb-id>
  <dsstox-id nil="true"/>
  <toxcast-id nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-origin nil="true"/>
  <stoff-ident-id nil="true"/>
  <susdat-id>NS00126265</susdat-id>
  <iupac>1,2-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-10-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-12-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-10,13,19-triazapentacyclo[11.7.0.0³,¹¹.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,¹⁹]icosa-3(11),4(9),5,7-tetraene-14,20-dione</iupac>
</compound>
