3715 Roquefortine Roquefortine is found in milk and milk products. Roquefortine is a metabolite of Penicillium roquefortii, Penicillium commune, Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium farinosum and many other Penicillium species Common constituent of blue cheese Roquefortine belongs to the family of Pyrroloindoles. These are compounds containing a pyrroloindole moiety, which is a tricyclic heterocycle which consists of a pyrrole ring fused to an indole. 58735-64-1 6436831 C22H23N5O2 White powder (T304) 195 - 200°C Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. Roquefortine C also interacts with different forms of the cytochromes. (A2886, A2976) LD50: 15-20 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (A2887) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Roquefortine C is a tremorgenic mycotoxin produced primarily by Penicillium roquefortii, but also by other Penicillium species. Penicillium roquefortii is used in the production of Roquefort and similar types of blue cheese, and has also been found growing in corn silage and mixed grains. Penicillium elaborated mycotoxins are well recognized as contaminants of many foods. These toxins, including mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine (ROQ), penicillic acid (PA) and patulin (PAT) are reported to be toxic to several mammalian species. (A730, A3081) Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome". In severe cases roquefortine C can cause respiratory tract irritation, which can progress to ARDS/acute lung injury. Irritation or burns of the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract are also possible. Prostration, seizures, and death can also follow after absorption. (A704, A2887, A2976) Tremorgenic mycotoxins affect central nervous system activity, inducing neurologic symptoms including mental confusion, paralysis, tremors, seizures, and death. They cause a neurological disease of cattle known as "staggers syndrome", which is characterized by muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, convulsions and ataxia. Roquefortine C may also cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. (A704, A2976) To control severe tremors caused by tremorgenic mycotoxins, methocarbamol should be administered. Generalized seizures may be treated with diazepam followed by methocarbamol or a barbiturate such as pentobarbital sodium. Gastric lavage should be performed and activated charcoal administered to limit further absorption of toxins. (A744) 2009-12-17T22:23:05Z 2026-04-03T05:06:07Z true [H]\C(C1=CN=CN1)=C1\N=C(O)C2CC3(C(NC4=CC=CC=C34)N2C1=O)C(C)(C)C=C C22H23N5O2 InChI=1S/C22H23N5O2/c1-4-21(2,3)22-10-17-18(28)25-16(9-13-11-23-12-24-13)19(29)27(17)20(22)26-15-8-6-5-7-14(15)22/h4-9,11-12,17,20,26H,1,10H2,2-3H3,(H,23,24)(H,25,28)/b16-9- SPWSUFUPTSJWNG-SXGWCWSVSA-N 389.4503 389.185175005 Endogenous Solid HMDB30381 10696908 CHEM002631 DTXSID20891816 NS00018320 93.61000000000001 112.02229999999999 41.500861730773536 3 5 3 3.3214599568369207 7.5736177236606474 1 5 2.48 -3.52 1.19e-01 g/l