3681 Quaternium-15 Quaternium-15 is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a preservative in many cosmetics and industrial substances. It acts as a formaldehyde releaser. It can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. It's toxicity is also due to it's ability to react and release formaldehyde and nitrosamines, both of which are believed to be carcinogenic. (L1890, L1897) 4080-31-3 6433396 C9H16Cl2N4 White powder. 304 mg/mL at 25°C Oral (L962) ; inhalation (L962) ; dermal (L962) Quaternium-15 is a formaldehyde releaser. It is likely that formaldehyde toxicity occurs when intracellular levels saturate formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, allowing the unmetabolized intact molecule to exert its effects. Formaldehyde is known to form cross links between protein and DNA and undergo metabolic incorporation into macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). Quaternium-15 is also a nitrosating agent. Nitrosating agents may decompose and/or react to cause nitrosamine contamination. Nitrosamines are produced from secondary amines and amides in the presence of nitrite ions and are believed to be carcinogenic. Once in the body, nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. They are then believed to induce their carcinogenic effects by forming DNA adducts at the N- and O-atoms. (L962, L1889, L1890, A2878, A2879, A2880, L1897) Formaldehyde may be absorbed following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. It is an essential metabolic intermediate in all cells and is produced during the normal metabolism of serine, glycine, methionine, and choline and also by the demethylation of N-, S-, and O-methyl compounds. Exogenous formaldehyde is metabolized to formate by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase at the initial site of contact. After oxidation of formaldehyde to formate, the carbon atom is further oxidized to carbon dioxide or incorporated into purines, thymidine, and amino acids via tetrahydrofolatedependent one-carbon biosynthetic pathways. Formaldehyde is not stored in the body and is excreted in the urine (primarily as formic acid), incorporated into other cellular molecules, or exhaled as carbon dioxide. Nitrosamines can also enter the body via ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact. Once in the body, nitrosamines are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, which essentially activates them into carcinogens. (L962, A2878, A2879) LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14) LD50: 565 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T14) 1, carcinogenic to humans (for formaldehyde). (L135) Quaternium-15 is used as a preservative in many cosmetics and industrial substances. (L1897) Quaternium-15 releases formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. It may also react to produce nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. Quaternium-15 is also an allergen, and can cause contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals. Many of those with an allergy to quaternium-15 are also allergic to formaldehyde. It is the single most often found cause of allergic contact dermatitis of the hands. (L962, L1890, L1897) Quaternium-15 can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. (L1897) 2009-11-24T01:14:16Z 2016-11-09T01:08:54Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternium-15 59607 true Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (P11766) Cytochrome P450 2A1 (P11711) Cytochrome P450 2A6 (P11509) Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (P15559) (L962, A2878, A2879) [Cl-].[H]\C(Cl)=C(\[H])C[N+]12CN3CN(CN(C3)C1)C2 C9H16Cl2N4 InChI=1S/C9H16ClN4.ClH/c10-2-1-3-14-7-11-4-12(8-14)6-13(5-11)9-14;/h1-2H,3-9H2;1H/q+1;/p-1/b2-1+; UKHVLWKBNNSRRR-TYYBGVCCSA-M 251.16 250.0752019 Exogenous Solid 4938552 CHEM002601 1-[(2E)-3-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl]-1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1³,⁷]decan-1-ium chloride