3656 Fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1 is from Fusarium moniliforme Fumonisin B1 is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Fumonisin B1 belongs to the family of Monoterpenes. These are compounds contaning a chain of two isoprene units. 116355-83-0 3431 C34H59NO15 White to off-white powder Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) Fumonisins are similar in structure to the long-chain base backbones of sphingolipids, allowing it to inhibit of the biosynthesis of sphingosine and more complex sphingolipids by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase. This causes the accumulation of sphinganine, sphingosine, and possibly also sphingosine 1-phosphate in cells and tissues, leading to apoptosis. Mycotoxins are often able to enter the liver and kidney by human organic anion transporters (hOATs) and human organic cation transporters (hOCTs). They can also inhibit uptake of anions and cations by these transporters, interefering with the secretion of endogenous metabolites, drugs, and xenobiotics including themselves. This results in increased cellular accumulation of toxic compounds causing nephro- and hepatotoxicity. (A704, L1937, A2947, A3014) 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by several species of Fusarium molds, such as Fusarium moniliforme, which occur mainly in maize, wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple. (L1937) Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic, causing increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. Leukopenia, sepsis, bone marrow suppression, hemosiderosis, and multiple hemorrhages have all been reported. Contact with skin and eyes can cause coagulation necrosis. Angina, tachycardia, and hypotension may occur. Animals studies have also shown disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction. (A704, L1937) Anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea, which may be bloody, may occur. Shortness of breath, pulmonary hemorrhage, headache, and vertigo are other symptoms. (A704) There are no known antidotes to trichothecene mycotoxins. Treatments are directed at supporting hemopoietic abnormalities, gastrointestinal damage, and skin damage. Condiser activated charcoal if absorbed orally. Proceed with decontamination of the exposed region in case of eye or dermal contact. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. (A704) 2009-11-12T23:15:30Z 2026-03-25T19:28:00Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumonisin_B1 38221 true CCCCC(C)C(OC(=O)CC(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(CC(C)CC(O)CCCCC(O)CC(O)C(C)N)OC(=O)CC(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O C34H59NO15 InChI=1S/C34H59NO15/c1-5-6-9-20(3)32(50-31(44)17-23(34(47)48)15-29(41)42)27(49-30(43)16-22(33(45)46)14-28(39)40)13-19(2)12-24(36)10-7-8-11-25(37)18-26(38)21(4)35/h19-27,32,36-38H,5-18,35H2,1-4H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H,45,46)(H,47,48) UVBUBMSSQKOIBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 721.83 721.388470223 Exogenous Solid HMDB34702 3313 CHEM002579 DTXSID6020644 NS00000145 288.51 175.70570000000015 76.03575912850974 31 14 8 3.1587784885240153 9.52972988204901 -3 0 -0.81 -4.22 4.32e-02 g/l