2738 Thiamine Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue. 59-43-8 1130 C12H17N4OS 265.112310 White powder. 248 dec°C 5E+005 mg/L Oral; parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular). Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Thiamine is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. There are five known natural thiamine phosphate derivatives: thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and the recently discovered adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), and adenosine thiamine diphosphate. Each derivative has unique functions, however, most are involved as coenzymes. Hepatic LD50: 8224 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (A308) LD50: 3710 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A308) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. Thiamine (hydrochloride) is a food additive used to add a brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups. There are no reports available of adverse effects from consumption of excess thiamine by ingestion of food and supplements. [Wikipedia] 2009-07-21T20:26:09Z 2026-04-06T04:27:18Z Thiamine C00378 213950 245400 248600 249270 308930 607483 18385 THIAMINE Thiamine DB00152 VIB 3147 true CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N C12H17N4OS InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)/q+1 JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 265.355 265.112306876 Endogenous Solid HMDB00235 CHEMBL1547 1098 <p>Nobuyuki Kitamori, Masaya Maeno, Seiji Izuhara, &#8220;Granules of thiamine salt and the production thereof.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4702919, issued July, 1974.</p> CHEM002128 DTXSID50220251 NS00099891 3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium