2491 Orellanine Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It has been found in at least 34 types of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family. (L998) 37338-80-0 89579 C10H8N2O6 252.038240 White powder. Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) Bipyridines with charged nitrogen atoms confound important redox reactions in organisms, ‘stealing’ one or two electrons and sometimes bypass the electrons into other and often undesirable redox reactions. The terminal product can be peroxide or superoxide ions, the latter of which is harmful to the cells, especially kidney cells. (L998) The lethal dose of orellanine in mice is 12 to 20 mg per kg body weight, where it must be noted that this is the dose which leads to death within two weeks. From cases of orellanine-related mushroom poisoning in humans it seems that the lethal dose for hu No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Orellanine or Orellanin is a pyridine N-oxide and a crystalline alkaloid that is found naturally in some lifeforms, specifically certain fungi. It has been found in at least 34 types of mushrooms in the Cortinariaceae family. (L998) The symptoms are followed by early stages of renal failure (immense thirst, frequent urination, pain on and around the kidneys) and eventually decreased or nonexistent urine output and other symptoms of renal failure occur. If left untreated death will follow. (L998) In humans, a characteristic of poisoning by the nephrotoxin orellanine is the long latency; the first symptoms usually do not appear until 2–3 days after ingestion and can in some cases take as long as 3 weeks. The first symptoms of orellanine poisoning are similar to the common flu (nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, headaches, myalgia, etc) (L998) Although there is no known antidote against orellanine poisoning, early hospitalization can sometimes prevent serious injury and usually prevent death. Research is ongoing. Some treatments make use of anti-oxidant therapy and corticosteroids to help victims recover from their renal failure. (L998) 2009-07-03T20:52:32Z 2026-04-06T11:07:47Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orellanine C030076 Orellanine true ON1C=CC(=O)C(O)=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C=CN1O C10H8N2O6 InChI=1S/C10H8N2O6/c13-5-1-3-11(17)7(9(5)15)8-10(16)6(14)2-4-12(8)18/h1-4,15-18H JGRNMEQUBVRSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 252.1803 252.038235998 Exogenous Solid 80848 CHEM002040 NS00121449 2-(1,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydropyridin-4-one