779
T3D0778
Allyl isothiocyanate
Allyl isothiocyanate is a volatile organic compound. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a constituent of mustard, horseradish and wasabi and certain vegetables found in the human diet, mostly in cruciferous vegetables. AITC is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble in most organic solvents. AITC possesses numerous biochemical and physiological activities. It is cytotoxic and tumorigenic at high doses and also is a modulator of enzymes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics, including carcinogens. It is plausible that the wide consumption of dietary AITC may have profound effects on human health. oxidative DNA damage may play important roles in carcinogenic processes induced by AITC. Allergic contact dermatitis from AICT is well known but infrequently reported. AITC is occasionally found as a volatile component of normal human biofluids. (A7698, A7770, A7771, A7772, A7773).
57-06-7
5971
C4H5NS
99.014270
Colorless oil.
-80°C
2 mg/mL at 20°C
Inhalation (L96) ; oral (L96) ; dermal (L96)2)
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
LD50: 112 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L564)
LD50: 88 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit (L564)
LD50: 12 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rabbit) (L564)
200 to 300 milligrams for an adult human (cyanide salts). (T86)
3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)
Synthetic allyl isothiocyanate is used as an insecticide, bacteriocide, and nematocide, and is used in certain cases for crop protection. (L194)
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.
INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.
SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.
INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
2009-05-25T18:36:06Z
2016-11-09T01:08:20Z
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762)
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (P25325)
(L96)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyl isothiocyanate
C19317
494804
C004471
Allyl isothiocyanate
47
true
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762)
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (P25325)
(L96)
C=CCN=C=S
C4H5NS
InChI=1S/C4H5NS/c1-2-3-5-4-6/h2H,1,3H2
ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
99.154
99.014269855
Exogenous
Liquid
HMDB05843
21105854
CHEM000698