T3D0282

283 T3D0282

Arsenous acid

Arsenous acid is a chemical compound of arsenic. It is the hydrolyzed form of arsenic trioxide and is found in aqueous solutions. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as a compound with other elements. (T3, L377) 13464-58-9

545

AsH3O3

129.901200 White crystals.

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Arsenic is absorbed mainly by inhalation or ingestion, as to a lesser extent, dermal exposure. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. (L20) LD50: 41 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L925) LD50: 12 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (L925) LD50: 150 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (L925) 1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Arsenic and its compounds are used in pesticides, wood preservatives, paints/pigments, and various metal alloys (electronics). Small amounts of arensic can be found in contaminated air, water, and some meat products, especially seafood. (L2)

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, esepcially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of "pins and needles" in hands and feet. Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

2009-03-06T18:58:26Z

2016-11-09T01:08:12Z

Metallothionein-2 (P02795) Metallothionein-1G (P13640) Metallothionein-1H (P80294) Metallothionein-3 (P25713) Metallothionein-1F (P04733) Metallothionein-1E (P04732) Metallothionein-1X (P80297) Metallothionein-1A (P04731) Metallothionein-1B (P07438) Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) Metallothionein-4 (P47944) Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9) (L92)

Arsenous_acid

49900

C032793

Arsenous acid

DB04456

true

Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9) (L92)

O[As](O)O

AsH3O3

InChI=1S/AsH3O3/c2-1(3)4/h2-4H

GCPXMJHSNVMWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

125.9436

125.929815379

Exogenous Solid

530

CHEM000236

arsorous acid