244
T3D0243
Sodium arsenite
Sodium arsenite is a chemical compound derived from arsenous acid. Arsenous acid is the hydrolyzed form of arsenic trioxide and is found in aqueous solutions. (L377)
7784-46-5
443495
AsNaO2
129.901200
White or grey solid.
Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2) ; dermal (L2)
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (P29803)
Hemoglobin subunit beta (P68871)
Hemoglobin subunit alpha (P69905)
Haptoglobin (P00738)
Estrogen receptor (P03372)
Glucocorticoid receptor (P04150)
Glutathione reductase (P00390)
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Q14145)
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (P09874)
Thioredoxin (P10599)
Tubulin beta chain (P07437)
Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (P60709)
Actin, cytoplasmic 2 (P63261)
Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9)
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (Q16881)
Thioredoxin reductase 2 (Q9NNW7)
Thioredoxin reductase 3 (Q86VQ6)
(A15, A16, A17)
Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)
Arsenic is absorbed mainly by inhalation or ingestion, as to a lesser extent, dermal exposure. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. (L20)
LD50: 41 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 150 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)
LD50: 1170 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)
LD50: 14 mg/kg (Intramuscular Mouse) (T14)
LD50: 7600 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rabbit) (T14)
1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)
Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)
Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels.
Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)
2009-03-06T18:58:21Z
2016-11-09T01:08:11Z
Metallothionein-2 (P02795)
Metallothionein-1G (P13640)
Metallothionein-1H (P80294)
Metallothionein-3 (P25713)
Metallothionein-1F (P04733)
Metallothionein-1E (P04732)
Metallothionein-1X (P80297)
Metallothionein-1A (P04731)
Metallothionein-1B (P07438)
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339)
Metallothionein-4 (P47944)
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083)
Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9)
(L92)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sodium arsenite
C11906
29678
CPD0-1496
Sodium arsenite
true
Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9)
(L92)
Metallothionein-2 (P02795)
Metallothionein-1G (P13640)
Metallothionein-1H (P80294)
Metallothionein-3 (P25713)
Metallothionein-1F (P04733)
Metallothionein-1E (P04732)
Metallothionein-1X (P80297)
Metallothionein-1A (P04731)
Metallothionein-1B (P07438)
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339)
Metallothionein-4 (P47944)
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083)
(L92)
[Na]O[As]=O
AsNaO2
InChI=1S/AsHO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1
PTLRDCMBXHILCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
129.9102
129.901195336
Exogenous
Solid
CHEMBL1909078
22980
CHEM000212