76 Dimethylarsinate Cacodylic acid is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2AsO2H. Derivatives of cacodylic acid, cacodylates, were frequently used as herbicides. For example, Agent Blue, one of the chemicals used during the Vietnam War, is a mixture of cacodylic acid and sodium cacodylate. Sodium cacodylate is frequently used as a buffering agent in the preparation and fixation of biological samples for transmission electron microscopy. Cacodylic acid is highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Once thought to be a byproduct of inorganic arsenic detoxification, it is now believed to have serious health consequences of its own. It has been shown to be teratogenic in rodents, most often causing cleft palate but also fetal fatality at high doses. It has been shown to be genotoxic in human cells, causing apoptosis and also decreased DNA production and shorter DNA strands. While not itself a strong carcinogen, cacodylic acid does promote tumors in the presence of carcinogens in organs such as the kidneys and liver. (Wikipedia). 15132-04-4 167250 C2H7AsO2 137.966200 Colorless solid. 195°C >200°C 2000 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2) Hemoglobin subunit alpha (P69905) Hemoglobin subunit beta (P68871) Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (P69891) Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (P69892) Hemoglobin subunit delta (P02042) Hemoglobin subunit epsilon (P02100) Hemoglobin subunit mu (Q6B0K9) Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 (P09105) Hemoglobin subunit zeta (P02008) Catalase (P04040) (L11) Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through different mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase and uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation by competing with phosphate. This leads to inhibition of energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is increased, leading to oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17) Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. (L2) LD50: 644 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14) LD50: 720 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T32) 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Dimethylarsinic acid is used as an herbicide and pesticide. (L180) Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20) Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet. Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can provoque sore throat or irritated lungs. Arsenic also affects the brain, causing neurological disturbances such as headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. (A1) Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20) 2009-03-06T18:58:02Z 2026-04-05T17:26:26Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacodylic acid C07308 16223 DIMETHYLARSINATE D002101 Dimethylarsinic acid DB02994 CAC 516 true C[As](C)(O)=O C2H7AsO2 InChI=1S/C2H7AsO2/c1-3(2,4)5/h1-2H3,(H,4,5) OGGXGZAMXPVRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 137.9974 137.966200885 Exogenous Solid HMDB11625 146326 CHEM000071 DTXSID7020508 20508 High Production Chemical Database, Colorado School of Mines/Southern Nevada Water Auhority SI00000215 NS00078902 dimethylarsinic acid